Devisch R
Centre for Anthropology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
Cult Med Psychiatry. 1990 Jun;14(2):213-36. doi: 10.1007/BF00046662.
The Yaka of southwestern Zaire and the capital, Kinshasa, practise some ten major healing cults with initiatory treatments. These follow the model of rites de passage and lead the patient to resituate him/herself in the group, while partially redramatizing the cosmology and the fundamental values of the society. The body-self is the source and scene of the healing. The therapeutic drama offers a space-time stage upon which metaphoric correspondents of organs, affects, energies and bodily functions are constituted and manipulated. Acting as the patient's maternal uncle, as trapper-hunter, and as demiurge and weaver, the healer aims at fighting the illness by turning it back against itself autodestructively. The initiate is 'reborn' thanks to the emergence of the vital flow, particularly through trance, leading her or him to take up a transformed presence in the world and the group: this is "the weaving of the vital flow."
扎伊尔西南部的亚卡人和首都金沙萨的居民信奉约十种主要的治疗教派，并采用入会仪式疗法。这些疗法遵循生命历程仪式的模式，引导患者重新融入群体，同时部分再现了宇宙观和社会的基本价值观。身体自我是治疗的源头和场景。治疗戏剧提供了一个时空舞台，在这个舞台上，器官、情感、能量和身体功能的隐喻对应物得以构建和操控。治疗师扮演患者的舅舅、捕兽猎人、造物主和织工的角色，旨在通过让疾病自我毁灭来对抗疾病。由于生命之流的出现，尤其是通过恍惚状态，入会者得以“重生”，从而使其在世界和群体中呈现出一种转变后的状态：这就是“生命之流的编织”。
