Tsing A L
Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003.
Soc Sci Med. 1988;27(8):829-39. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(88)90235-3.
In the Meratus Mountains of South Kalimantan, Indonesia, a number of intersecting discourses on the body compete to clarify and legitimize health practices and curing techniques. Meratus Dayak shamans cure through chants that metaphorically open and expand social and somatic boundaries; they open up the pores to let in healthy cosmic flows and to remove intrusive foreign objects caused by a patient's narrow-focused definition of self-interest and personal space. In contrast, neighboring Banjar Muslims fortify their boundaries against debilitating intrusions--like poisoned winds and poisoned foods--and messy extrusions--like the spilled blood of vampire's mouths and women's vaginas. In the ensuing ethnic dialog, Meratus shamans are cast as perpetrators as well as curers of the kind of illness-causing sorcery that makes Banjar most vulnerable. The contrasts, and the combinations, of these two curing systems highlight the internal logic of each as well as the social conditions of their continuing practice.
在印度尼西亚南加里曼丹的默拉图斯山脉,许多关于身体的交叉话语竞相阐明健康实践和治疗技术并使其合法化。默拉图斯达雅克族萨满通过吟唱来治疗,这些吟唱隐喻性地打开并扩展社会和身体的边界;他们打开毛孔,让健康的宇宙能量流入,并清除因患者对自身利益和个人空间的狭隘定义而导致的侵入性异物。相比之下,邻近的班贾尔穆斯林则强化他们的边界,抵御诸如毒风、毒食等削弱身体的侵入物,以及诸如吸血鬼口中溢出的鲜血和女性阴道分泌物等混乱的排出物。在随后的族群对话中,默拉图斯萨满被视为导致疾病的巫术的施行者和治疗者,而这种巫术使班贾尔人最为脆弱。这两种治疗体系的对比与结合,既凸显了各自的内在逻辑,也展现了它们持续实践的社会条件。