Kisa Adnan
Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey.
Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2006 Fall;22(4):537-42. doi: 10.1017/S026646230605149X.
The objectives of this study were to analyze the current structure of the Turkish pharmaceuticals market to explain the latest developments and to offer some insight into the likely policy issues that this sector will face.
Systematic searches of the relevant Turkish and English research literature were made, using electronic databases in addition to written reports.
The pharmaceutical industry in Turkey currently has eighty-seven manufacturing firms, eleven raw material manufacturers and thirty-eight importing firms. These add up to a total of 136 firms, 35 of which are driven by foreign capital, with 8 of these foreign-run firms having their own plants in Turkey. The industry employs approximately 19,000 personnel. In terms of growth, the value of pharmaceutical products in Turkey recently has exceeded that in Europe. In addition, per capita drug consumption levels are quite low compared with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and European Union countries. Major international players in the medical equipment and pharmaceutical products sector have also been opening offices in Turkey to reap the benefits of this rapidly evolving market.
The pharmaceutical industry in Turkey is quite advanced and diverse, with high quality, generic pharmaceutical products being manufactured as well as poor quality copies that have not been appropriately tested in terms of bioequivalence and bioavailability. The country faces a low level of drug consumption due to economic and cultural constraints compared with Western countries. Governmental control and regulations are key issues because the majority of drug purchases (70-80 percent) throughout the country are currently reimbursable through public sector agencies such as the Pension Fund and the Social Insurance Organization.
本研究的目标是分析土耳其药品市场的当前结构，以解释最新发展情况，并对该行业可能面临的政策问题提供一些见解。
除书面报告外，还利用电子数据库对土耳其语和英语相关研究文献进行了系统检索。
土耳其制药行业目前有87家制造企业、11家原材料制造商和38家进口企业。这些企业总计136家，其中35家由外资驱动，其中8家外资企业在土耳其拥有自己的工厂。该行业雇佣了约19000名员工。在增长方面，土耳其药品产品的价值最近已超过欧洲。此外，与经济合作与发展组织及欧盟国家相比，人均药品消费水平相当低。医疗设备和药品领域的主要国际企业也纷纷在土耳其开设办事处，以从这个快速发展的市场中获益。
土耳其制药行业相当先进且多样，既生产高质量的仿制药，也生产质量不佳且未在生物等效性和生物利用度方面进行适当测试的仿制品。与西方国家相比，由于经济和文化限制，该国面临较低的药品消费水平。政府控制和监管是关键问题，因为目前全国大部分药品采购（70%-80%）可通过养老金基金和社会保险组织等公共部门机构报销。
