Kemper N, Aschfalk A, Höller C
Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
Acta Vet Scand. 2006 Jun 14;48(1):7. doi: 10.1186/1751-0147-48-7.
The specific aim of this study was to assess the faecal shedding of zoonotic enteropathogens by semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) to deduce the potential risk to human health through modern reindeer herding. In total, 2,243 faecal samples of reindeer from northern regions of Finland and Norway were examined for potentially enteropathogenic bacteria (Campylobacter species, Enterococcus species, Escherichia coli, Salmonella species and Yersinia species) and parasites (Cryptosporidium species) in accordance with standard procedures. Escherichia coli were isolated in 94.7%, Enterococcus species in 92.9%, Yersinia species in 4.8% of the samples and Campylobacter species in one sample only (0.04%). Analysis for virulence factors in E. coli and Yersinia species revealed no pathogenic strains. Neither Salmonella species nor Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected. The public health risk due to reindeer husbandry concerning zoonotic diseases included in this study has to be considered as very low at present but a putative epidemiological threat may arise when herding conditions are changed with respect to intensification and crowding.
本研究的具体目的是评估半驯化驯鹿（Rangifer tarandus tarandus）粪便中动物源性病原体的排泄情况，以推断现代驯鹿放牧对人类健康的潜在风险。按照标准程序，对来自芬兰北部和挪威北部地区的2243份驯鹿粪便样本进行了检测，以查找潜在的肠道致病菌（弯曲杆菌属、肠球菌属、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌属和耶尔森菌属）和寄生虫（隐孢子虫属）。在样本中，94.7%分离出了大肠杆菌，92.9%分离出了肠球菌属，4.8%分离出了耶尔森菌属，仅1个样本（0.04%）分离出了弯曲杆菌属。对大肠杆菌和耶尔森菌属毒力因子的分析未发现致病菌株。未检测到沙门氏菌属和隐孢子虫卵囊。目前，本研究中所涉及的驯鹿养殖导致的人畜共患病对公共卫生的风险必须被视为非常低，但当放牧条件在集约化和拥挤程度方面发生变化时，可能会出现一种假定的流行病学威胁。
