Shimizu Akane, Kobayashi Etsuko, Suwazono Yasushi, Uetani Mirei, Oishi Mitsuhiro, Inaba Takeya, Kido Teruhiko, Nogawa Koji
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine (A2), Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Int J Environ Health Res. 2006 Oct;16(5):329-37. doi: 10.1080/09603120600869174.
A benchmark dose low (BMDL) is used as a replacement for the no observed adverse effect level. The threshold levels of urinary cadmium (Cd) as BMDL were estimated using data from the Kakehashi River basin. The target population (>or=50 years) comprised 3178 and 294 participants inhabiting Cd-polluted and non-polluted areas, respectively. Cut-off values for beta2-MG-uria were defined as the 84 and 95% upper limit values calculated from control subjects, and 1000 microg/l or microg/g cr of beta2-MG. Using these cut-off values, the BMDL at which the excess risk is 0.05 was determined to be 2.9 - 4.0 microg/g cr (males) and 1.5 - 3.6 microg/g cr (females). The present study demonstrated that a BMD approach is useful to estimate the threshold level of urinary Cd in Cd-exposed subjects and people living in general environment without any known Cd-pollution since a BMD approach does not need abnormality rates of urinary findings in the controls.
基准剂量下限（BMDL）被用作未观察到有害作用水平的替代指标。利用来自爱河川流域的数据估算了作为BMDL的尿镉（Cd）阈值水平。目标人群（≥50岁）分别包括居住在镉污染地区和非污染地区的3178名和294名参与者。β2-微球蛋白尿的临界值定义为根据对照受试者计算出的84%和95%上限值，以及1000微克/升或微克/克肌酐的β2-微球蛋白。使用这些临界值，确定超额风险为0.05时的BMDL在男性中为2.9 - 4.0微克/克肌酐，在女性中为1.5 - 3.6微克/克肌酐。本研究表明，BMD方法有助于估计镉暴露受试者和生活在无已知镉污染的一般环境中的人群的尿镉阈值水平，因为BMD方法不需要对照中尿检测结果的异常率。
