Yaldizli Ozgür, Kastrup Oliver, Obermann Mark, Esser Stefan, Wilhelm Hans, Ley Christian, Forsting Michael, Maschke Matthias
Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen 45122, Germany.
J Neurol. 2006 Sep;253(9):1185-8. doi: 10.1007/s00415-006-0191-2. Epub 2006 Sep 21.
Although the incidence and prevalence of dementia associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has decreased since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy, cognitive dysfunction remains one of the most prevalent factors severely affecting quality of life in patients with HIV. Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies showed a correlation between brain atrophy, enlargement of the ventricles and cognitive impairment in HIV patients.
To investigate the usefulness of transcranial sonographic (TCS) measurement of the third ventricle in detection of brain atrophy in HIV patients and the correlation with neuropsychological deficits.
We examined 47 HIV patients and 40 healthy age-matched controls with TCS, neuroimaging (cranial MRI or computed tomography) and a neuropsychological test battery.
The third ventricle was significantly larger in patients than in healthy controls and correlated significantly with duration of HIV, Center of Disease Control (CDC) stage, CD4 lymphocytes and distinct cognitive and motor deficits.
TCS cannot replace neuroimaging but is a valuable method in the detection of brain atrophy and follow-up of HIV patients at risk or with a recent diagnosis of HIV encephalopathy.
尽管自高效抗逆转录病毒疗法问世以来，与人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染相关的痴呆症发病率和患病率有所下降，但认知功能障碍仍然是严重影响HIV患者生活质量的最普遍因素之一。先前的磁共振成像（MRI）研究表明，HIV患者的脑萎缩、脑室扩大与认知障碍之间存在关联。
探讨经颅超声（TCS）测量第三脑室在检测HIV患者脑萎缩中的作用及其与神经心理缺陷的相关性。
我们对47例HIV患者和40名年龄匹配的健康对照者进行了TCS检查、神经影像学检查（头颅MRI或计算机断层扫描）以及一套神经心理测试。
患者的第三脑室明显大于健康对照者，且与HIV病程、疾病控制中心（CDC）分期、CD4淋巴细胞以及明显的认知和运动缺陷显著相关。
TCS不能替代神经影像学检查，但在检测脑萎缩以及对有风险或近期诊断为HIV脑病的HIV患者进行随访方面是一种有价值的方法。
