Kjos B O, Umansky R, Barkovich A J
Magnetic Imaging Affiliates, Oakland, CA 94609.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1990 Sep-Oct;11(5):1035-40.
Seventy-six children with developmental retardation of unknown cause underwent MR imaging of the brain. Twenty-one (28%) had positive MR findings, including nine with atrophy, six with delayed myelination, four with multiple focal white matter lesions, three with hypoplastic white matter, and three with migration abnormalities. The frequency of abnormality was highest in nonautistic children with associated neurologic physical findings (61%) but was also significant in nonautistic children without neurologic findings (23%). We did not detect abnormalities on MR images of autistic retarded children. Delayed myelination and migration abnormalities were the predominant abnormalities in children with associated neurologic findings, whereas focal white matter lesions were more common in children without neurologic findings. Abnormalities were significantly more common in children with a small head circumference. Although MR did not have any effect on treatment or prognosis, it did aid the clinician in family counseling. MR will reveal brain abnormalities in about one third of nonautistic children with developmental retardation of unknown cause, and more often in those with neurologic deficits, seizures, or a small head size.
76名病因不明的发育迟缓儿童接受了脑部磁共振成像（MR）检查。21名（28%）儿童有阳性MR表现，包括9名脑萎缩、6名髓鞘形成延迟、4名多发局灶性白质病变、3名白质发育不全和3名移行异常。异常发生率在伴有相关神经体征的非自闭症儿童中最高（61%），但在无神经体征的非自闭症儿童中也有显著比例（23%）。我们在自闭症发育迟缓儿童的MR图像上未检测到异常。髓鞘形成延迟和移行异常是伴有相关神经体征儿童的主要异常表现，而局灶性白质病变在无神经体征的儿童中更为常见。小头围儿童的异常情况明显更为常见。虽然MR对治疗或预后没有任何影响，但它确实有助于临床医生进行家庭咨询。MR将在约三分之一病因不明的非自闭症发育迟缓儿童中发现脑部异常，在伴有神经功能缺损、癫痫或小头围的儿童中更常发现。
