Korenblum Chana B, Chen Shirley X, Manassis Katharina, Schachar Russell J
Brain and Behaviour Programme, Research Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Depress Anxiety. 2007;24(4):227-32. doi: 10.1002/da.20237.
Anxiety disorder (ANX) is characterized by heightened arousal, psychosocial and academic difficulties, and comorbidity with other disorders, in particular, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The heightened arousal contributes to cognitive impairment by adversely affecting executive control of cognition. The nature of the effect on executive control is poorly understood. Research in this area could inform intervention, diagnostic, and etiological research. Our objective was to characterize children with ANX on measures of executive functioning, while controlling for comorbid ADHD. We compared children ages 6-14 with ANX (N=21), ADHD (N=78), ANX+ADHD (N=38), and normal controls (NC; N=40) on the stop task, a measure of performance monitoring and response inhibition. No difference was observed between NC and ANX groups in performance monitoring. Compared to the NC group, the three clinical groups showed inhibition deficits, and both ADHD and ANX+ADHD groups monitored less after responses. ANX was not associated with performance monitoring or inhibition deficits once comorbid ADHD was considered. This emphasizes the importance of controlling for comorbid ADHD in studies of cognition and anxiety.
焦虑症（ANX）的特征是唤醒水平提高、存在心理社会和学业困难，且常与其他疾病共病，尤其是注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）。唤醒水平提高会通过对认知的执行控制产生不利影响，进而导致认知障碍。目前对执行控制所受影响的本质了解甚少。该领域的研究可为干预、诊断和病因研究提供信息。我们的目标是在控制共病ADHD的情况下，对患有ANX的儿童的执行功能进行特征描述。我们在停止任务（一种用于测量表现监测和反应抑制的方法）上比较了6至14岁患有ANX（N = 21）、ADHD（N = 78）、ANX + ADHD（N = 38）的儿童以及正常对照组（NC；N = 40）。在表现监测方面，未观察到NC组和ANX组之间存在差异。与NC组相比，三个临床组均表现出抑制缺陷，且ADHD组和ANX + ADHD组在做出反应后进行的监测较少。一旦考虑到共病的ADHD，ANX与表现监测或抑制缺陷无关。这强调了在认知与焦虑研究中控制共病ADHD的重要性。
