Morgan Celia J A, Curran H Valerie
Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Sub-department of Clinical Health Psychology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2006 Nov;188(4):408-24. doi: 10.1007/s00213-006-0572-3. Epub 2006 Sep 28.
Ketamine is attracting increasing research interest not only because of its powerful amnestic effects but also as a putative model of schizophrenia and as a substance with an expanding following of recreational users.
This article reviews the existing literature on the effects of acute ketamine on the memory of healthy volunteers and of repeated doses of ketamine in recreational users.
Although there have been relatively few, often methodologically diverse, studies to date of the mnemonic effects of ketamine, there is an emerging consensus that an acute dose of the drug impairs the manipulation of information in working memory and produces decrements in the encoding of information into episodic memory. Preliminary evidence suggests that ketamine may differ from other classic amnestic drugs in impairing aspects of semantic memory. Acute-on-chronic effects in ketamine users generally mimic the pattern seen in controlled studies with healthy volunteers. However, chronic ketamine use may be associated with a more specific pattern of memory decrements and with episodic memory impairment, which might not abate following cessation of use.
An important aim of future research should be to detail the specificity of ketamine's amnestic effects on both a neuropharmacological and a cognitive level.
氯胺酮正吸引着越来越多的研究兴趣，这不仅是因为其强大的遗忘效应，还因其被视为精神分裂症的一种假定模型以及成为娱乐性使用者不断增加的一种物质。
本文综述了关于急性氯胺酮对健康志愿者记忆的影响以及娱乐性使用者重复使用氯胺酮的现有文献。
尽管迄今为止关于氯胺酮记忆效应的研究相对较少，且方法往往多种多样，但已逐渐形成一种共识，即急性剂量的该药物会损害工作记忆中信息的操作，并使情景记忆中信息的编码减少。初步证据表明，氯胺酮在损害语义记忆方面可能与其他经典遗忘药物不同。氯胺酮使用者的急性加慢性效应通常与健康志愿者对照研究中观察到的模式相似。然而，长期使用氯胺酮可能与更特定的记忆减退模式以及情景记忆损害有关，且这种损害在停止使用后可能不会减轻。
未来研究的一个重要目标应该是在神经药理学和认知层面详细阐述氯胺酮遗忘效应的特异性。
