Maresh C M, Whittlesey M J, Armstrong L E, Yamamoto L M, Judelson D A, Fish K E, Casa D J, Kavouras S A, Castracane V D
Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
Int J Sports Med. 2006 Oct;27(10):765-70. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-872932.
Exercise intensity powerfully influences testosterone, cortisol, and testosterone : cortisol ratio (T:C) responses to endurance exercise. Hydration state may also modulate these hormones, and therefore may alter the anabolic/catabolic balance in response to endurance exercise and training. This study examined the effect of running intensity on testosterone, cortisol, and T : C when exercise was initiated in a hypohydrated state. Nine male collegiate runners (age = 20 +/- 0 y, height = 178 +/- 2 cm, mass = 67.0 +/- 1.8 kg, body fat % = 9.8 +/- 0.7 %, V.O2max = 65.7 +/- 1.1 ml.kg (-1).min (-1)) completed four 10-min treadmill runs differing in pre-exercise hydration status (euhydrated, or hypohydrated by 5 % of body mass) and exercise intensity (70 % or 85 % V.O2max). Body mass, urine osmolality, and urine-specific gravity documented fluid balance; blood samples drawn pre-, immediately post-, and 20 min post-exercise were analyzed for testosterone, cortisol, and T : C. Except for heart rate measured during the 70 % V.O2max trials, heart rate, V.O2, and plasma lactate were similar between euhydrated and hypohydrated conditions for a given intensity, suggesting hypohydration did not measurably increase the physiological stress of the exercise bouts. Furthermore, hydration state had no measurable effect on testosterone concentrations before, during, or after exercise at either intensity. Regardless of exercise intensity, cortisol concentrations were greater during hypohydration than euhydration pre-exercise and 20 min post-exercise. Additionally, T : C was significantly lower 20 min post-exercise at 70 % V.O2max when subjects were initially hypohydrated (T : C = 0.055) versus euhydrated (T : C = 0.072). These findings suggest that depending on exercise intensity, T : C may be altered by hydration state, therefore influencing the balance between anabolism and catabolism in response to running exercise performed at typical training intensities.
运动强度对耐力运动时的睾酮、皮质醇以及睾酮与皮质醇的比值（T:C）反应有强大影响。水合状态也可能调节这些激素，因此可能会改变耐力运动和训练时的合成代谢/分解代谢平衡。本研究考察了在轻度脱水状态下开始运动时，跑步强度对睾酮、皮质醇和T:C的影响。九名男性大学跑步运动员（年龄 = 20±0岁，身高 = 178±2厘米，体重 = 67.0±1.8千克，体脂百分比 = 9.8±0.7%，最大摄氧量 = 65.7±1.1毫升·千克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹）完成了四次10分钟的跑步机跑步，运动前的水合状态（正常水合，或体重减轻5%导致轻度脱水）和运动强度（最大摄氧量的70%或85%）各不相同。记录体重、尿渗透压和尿比重以反映体液平衡；在运动前、运动后即刻以及运动后20分钟采集血样，分析睾酮、皮质醇和T:C。对于给定强度，除了在最大摄氧量70%试验期间测量的心率外，正常水合和轻度脱水状态下的心率、摄氧量和血浆乳酸相似，这表明轻度脱水并未显著增加运动回合的生理应激。此外，水合状态对两种强度运动前、运动期间或运动后的睾酮浓度均无显著影响。无论运动强度如何，轻度脱水时运动前和运动后20分钟的皮质醇浓度均高于正常水合时。此外，当受试者最初处于轻度脱水状态（T:C = 0.055）时，在最大摄氧量70%的运动强度下，运动后20分钟的T:C显著低于正常水合状态（T:C = 0.072）。这些发现表明，根据运动强度不同，水合状态可能会改变T:C，从而影响在典型训练强度下进行跑步运动时的合成代谢与分解代谢平衡。
