Cinca-Morros Sergi, Burtscher Martin, Benito-Lopez Fernando, Álvarez-Herms Jesús
Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Analytical Microsystems & Materials for Lab-on-a-Chip (AMMa-LOAC) Group, Analytical Chemistry Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2025 Jun 7;10(2):220. doi: 10.3390/jfmk10020220.
The ability to efficiently regulate body temperature is crucial during endurance activities such as trail running, especially during competitive events in hot conditions. Over the past decade, passive hyperthermia exposure has grown significantly in popularity as a means of improving acclimatization and performance in hot environments. The present study aims to compare the physiological changes that occur in a group of professional athletes due to passive sauna exposure (80-90 °C) and their own response to maximal aerobic performance. Twelve professional trail runners (eight men and four women) were tested in three conditions: (i) baseline; (ii) before; and (iii) after (a) passive dry sauna exposure and (b) a maximal endurance test. In both cases, physiological parameters such as heart rate, tympanic temperature, arterial and muscle oxygen saturation, and blood concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and hemoglobin were measured. Sauna exposure produced similar trends in cardiovascular and metabolic responses to those occurring during exercise, but at a much lower physiological level. Glucose and HDL levels were both significantly elevated (or tended to be so) after sauna and exercise ( < 0.03 and < 0.01, respectively). Athletes who mobilized the sum of substrates (glucose and HDL) performed the exercise test faster (r = -0.76; < 0.004). The response of arterial oxygen saturation (decreased) was similar during sauna and exercise, but opposite at the muscular level (increased during sauna and decreased during exercise). Additionally, inter-individual variability in responses was noted for most of the other parameters, suggesting the existence of 'responders' and 'non-responders' to thermal stimuli. : The physiological responses of trained endurance athletes are moderately impacted by passive sauna use. However, individual changes could be correlated with endurance performance and optimizing individualization. Heat stimuli promote different physiological responses in terms of cardiac function, oxygen kinetics and substrate mobilization, albeit to a lesser extent than exercise. Greater substrate mobilization during maximal endurance exercise was found to be correlated with better performance. Further studies are needed to explore the concepts of metabolic flexibility, as described here, and how heat exposure may improve systemic health and performance.
在诸如越野跑等耐力活动中，尤其是在炎热条件下的竞技赛事中，有效调节体温的能力至关重要。在过去十年中，被动热应激暴露作为一种改善热环境适应能力和运动表现的方法，越来越受到欢迎。本研究旨在比较一组职业运动员因被动桑拿暴露（80 - 90°C）而发生的生理变化以及他们自身对最大有氧能力的反应。12名职业越野跑运动员（8名男性和4名女性）在三种条件下接受测试：（i）基线；（ii）被动干桑拿暴露之前；（iii）被动干桑拿暴露之后以及最大耐力测试之后。在这两种情况下，均测量了心率、鼓膜温度、动脉和肌肉氧饱和度以及血糖、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）和血红蛋白的血液浓度等生理参数。桑拿暴露在心血管和代谢反应方面产生了与运动期间相似的趋势，但生理水平要低得多。桑拿和运动后，葡萄糖和HDL水平均显著升高（或有升高趋势）（分别为<0.03和<0.01）。调动底物（葡萄糖和HDL）总量的运动员完成运动测试的速度更快（r = -0.76；<0.004）。桑拿和运动期间动脉氧饱和度的反应（降低）相似，但在肌肉水平上相反（桑拿期间升高，运动期间降低）。此外，大多数其他参数存在个体间反应差异，表明存在对热刺激的“反应者”和“无反应者”。训练有素的耐力运动员的生理反应受到被动使用桑拿的适度影响。然而，个体变化可能与耐力表现相关并优化个性化。热刺激在心脏功能、氧动力学和底物调动方面促进了不同的生理反应，尽管程度比运动小。发现在最大耐力运动期间更大的底物调动与更好的表现相关。需要进一步研究来探索此处描述的代谢灵活性概念以及热暴露如何改善全身健康和表现。
