Gilioli R, Campanini P, Fichera G P, Punzi S, Cassitto M G
Centro per la Prevenzione, Diagnosi, Cura e Riabilitazione della Patologia da Disadattamento Lavorativo, Milano.
Med Lav. 2006 Mar-Apr;97(2):160-4.
In the last twenty years, psychosocial risks have become crucial in Occupational Health. Particularly, there is an increasing interest about psychological and physical violence at the workplaces. Psychological violence (mobbing or workplace bullying) is described as a situation in which the person has been the victim of negative acts directed to the person and work, with offences, discriminations and isolation. Physical violence at work, still underestimated in many parts of the world, is becoming a topical subject both for its frequency and its pathogenic potential and consist of violence among workers (internal violence) and between workers and external persons (external violence). Examples of external violence are bank robberies, which are prevalent in many European countries, particulary in Italy. The costs of psychological and physical workplace violence are very high at all levels; individual, for the implication of violence for health and quality of life as well as organizational, for the increase of absenteeism, turnover and health care demands and claims. The Medical Centre for Occupational Stress and Harassment (CDL) of the "Clinica de Lavoro Luigi Devoto" was set up in 1996 with a day-hospital service for the diagnosis, rehabilitation and prevention of work related psychological diseases. From its opening, about 5000 patients have been examined.
在过去二十年中，社会心理风险在职业健康领域变得至关重要。特别是，人们对工作场所的心理和身体暴力越来越感兴趣。心理暴力（职场骚扰或欺凌）被描述为一种情况，即个人成为针对其本人和工作的负面行为的受害者，包括冒犯、歧视和孤立。工作场所的身体暴力在世界许多地区仍被低估，但由于其发生频率和致病潜力，正成为一个热门话题，它包括工人之间的暴力（内部暴力）以及工人与外部人员之间的暴力（外部暴力）。外部暴力的例子包括银行抢劫，这在许多欧洲国家很普遍，尤其是在意大利。工作场所心理和身体暴力在各个层面的成本都非常高；就个人而言，暴力会影响健康和生活质量；就组织而言，会导致旷工率上升、人员流动率增加以及医疗保健需求和索赔增加。“路易吉·德沃托劳动诊所”的职业压力与骚扰医疗中心（CDL）于1996年成立，提供日间医院服务，用于诊断、康复和预防与工作相关的心理疾病。自开业以来，已检查了约5000名患者。
