Lindstrom David P, Hernández Coralia Herrera
Department of Sociology and Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Int Fam Plan Perspect. 2006 Sep;32(3):146-53. doi: 10.1363/3214606.
Levels of modern contraceptive knowledge and use among people living in rural areas of Guatemala differ substantially from those of people living in urban areas. Understanding the pace and extent of rural-to-urban migrants' adoption of urban contraceptive practices is important in determining if there is a strong need for migrant-focused reproductive health programs.
Bivariate and multivariate analyses of data on 971 married male and female respondents in the 1999 Guatemalan Migration and Reproductive Health Survey were used to examine how migration status and duration of residence in an urban area are associated with knowledge of modern contraceptive methods and current contraceptive use.
Migrants' contraceptive knowledge was positively associated with the number of years they had lived in an urban area. Mayan migrants in Guatemala City did not accumulate contraceptive knowledge at the same rate as non-Mayan migrants, perhaps due to cultural and linguistic barriers to obtaining knowledge of and access to contraceptives. Rural-to-urban migrants eventually achieve a level of modern contraceptive use slightly below that of urban nonmigrants, with the level of contraceptive knowledge being an important factor associated with use of modern methods.
Migrants possess limited knowledge of modern contraceptive methods and, therefore, may experience unmet need for contraception or may have a limited choice of modern contraceptive methods during their first years in an urban destination. Programs designed to raise contraceptive awareness and use should target recent migrants--particularly indigenous Mayans--in urban areas.
危地马拉农村地区居民的现代避孕知识水平和使用情况与城市地区居民有很大差异。了解农村到城市的移民采用城市避孕做法的速度和程度，对于确定是否强烈需要以移民为重点的生殖健康项目很重要。
对1999年危地马拉移民与生殖健康调查中971名已婚男性和女性受访者的数据进行双变量和多变量分析，以研究移民身份和在城市地区的居住时间与现代避孕方法知识及当前避孕措施使用之间的关联。
移民的避孕知识与他们在城市地区居住的年数呈正相关。危地马拉城的玛雅移民积累避孕知识的速度与非玛雅移民不同，这可能是由于获取避孕知识和使用避孕措施存在文化和语言障碍。农村到城市的移民最终达到的现代避孕措施使用率略低于城市非移民，避孕知识水平是与现代方法使用相关的一个重要因素。
移民对现代避孕方法的了解有限，因此在他们到达城市目的地的头几年可能会有未满足的避孕需求，或者现代避孕方法的选择有限。旨在提高避孕意识和使用率的项目应针对城市地区的新移民，特别是玛雅原住民。
