Wilson Jerriann M
Pediatrics. 2006 Oct;118(4):1757-63. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-1941.
Child life programs have become standard in most large pediatric centers and even on some smaller pediatric inpatient units to address the psychosocial concerns that accompany hospitalization and other health care experiences. The child life specialist focuses on the strengths and sense of well-being of children while promoting their optimal development and minimizing the adverse effects of children's experiences in health care or other potentially stressful settings. Using play and psychological preparation as primary tools, child life interventions facilitate coping and adjustment at times and under circumstances that might prove overwhelming otherwise. Play and age-appropriate communication may be used to (1) promote optimal development, (2) present information, (3) plan and rehearse useful coping strategies for medical events or procedures, (4) work through feelings about past or impending experiences, and (5) establish therapeutic relationships with children and parents to support family involvement in each child's care, with continuity across the care continuum. The benefits of this collaborative work with the family and health care team are not limited to the health care setting; it may also optimize reintegration into schools and the community.
儿童生活项目在大多数大型儿科中心甚至一些较小的儿科住院病房已成为标准配置，以应对伴随住院及其他医疗保健经历而来的心理社会问题。儿童生活专家关注儿童的优势和幸福感，同时促进其最佳发展，并将儿童在医疗保健或其他潜在压力环境中的经历所产生的不利影响降至最低。儿童生活干预以游戏和心理准备作为主要手段，在某些可能会让人不堪重负的时刻和情况下，帮助儿童应对和适应。游戏及适合儿童年龄的沟通可用于：（1）促进最佳发展；（2）提供信息；（3）为医疗事件或程序规划并演练有效的应对策略；（4）梳理对过去或即将发生的经历的感受；（5）与儿童及其父母建立治疗关系，以支持家庭参与每个孩子的护理，并在整个护理过程中保持连续性。这种与家庭和医疗团队合作的益处不仅限于医疗保健环境；它还可以优化儿童重新融入学校和社区的过程。
