le Roux P J, Coetzee J F
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa.
Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2000 Aug;13(4):457-61. doi: 10.1097/00001503-200008000-00010.
Tramadol is a unique analgesic offering moderate, dose-related pain relief through its action at multiple sites. In contrast to pure opioid agonists, it has a low risk of respiratory depression, tolerance and dependence. Troublesome side-effects have been reported, but tramadol has been established as an adjunct to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of moderate postoperative pain and to abolish shivering. It may have advantages in paediatric and day-case surgery and as an adjunct in local anaesthetic techniques. This review provides an evidence-based account of the role of tramadol in modern practice.
曲马多是一种独特的镇痛药，通过作用于多个部位提供适度的、与剂量相关的疼痛缓解。与纯阿片类激动剂相比，它具有较低的呼吸抑制、耐受性和依赖性风险。虽然有令人烦恼的副作用报道，但曲马多已被确立为非甾体抗炎药治疗中度术后疼痛的辅助药物，并可用于消除寒战。它在儿科和日间手术中可能具有优势，也可作为局部麻醉技术的辅助药物。本综述基于证据阐述了曲马多在现代临床实践中的作用。
