Ratajska A, Czarnowska E
Department of Pathological Anatomy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets. 2006 Sep;6(3):219-25. doi: 10.2174/187152906778249527.
During embryogenesis, coronary vessels develop via vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Vasculogenesis is formation in situ of primary vessels from angioblasts - endothelial cell progenitors, and angiogenesis is formation of vessels from the existing ones. In the embryonic heart vasculogenesis precedes and overlaps angiogenesis and lasts till the end of the fetal life. What is unique about heart vasculogenesis is the fact that nucleated blood cells accompany early angioblasts in a spatiotemporal way. Morphologically these structures resemble yolk sac blood islands, thus, they have been called blood-island-like structures. In addition, these early vascular structures (blood-island-like) are found in the heart before coronary vessel system connects with the systemic circulation. We present the recent data regarding endothelial cell properties and derivation during coronary vessel formation and hypotheses concerning a source of blood cells in early vascular structures of the heart; the latter has received little attention in the literature. This review summarizes current knowledge on the endothelial cell origination from epicardial mesothelium or liver primordium. This review also focuses on blood cell contribution to coronary vessel vasculogenesis. The role of proepicardium in the epicardial cover formation and the epicardium as a source of cellular components of coronary vasculature and interstitial fibroblasts is presented. It seems that blood cells and angioblasts, which form the early vascular structures do not derive from the same hemangioblastic precursor.
在胚胎发生过程中，冠状动脉血管通过血管发生和血管生成发育。血管发生是指成血管细胞（内皮细胞祖细胞）原位形成初级血管，而血管生成是指从现有血管形成新的血管。在胚胎心脏中，血管发生先于血管生成并与之重叠，持续到胎儿期结束。心脏血管发生的独特之处在于有核血细胞以时空方式伴随早期成血管细胞。从形态学上看，这些结构类似于卵黄囊血岛，因此被称为血岛样结构。此外，在冠状动脉系统与体循环连接之前，心脏中就已发现这些早期血管结构（血岛样）。我们展示了关于冠状动脉形成过程中内皮细胞特性和来源的最新数据，以及关于心脏早期血管结构中血细胞来源的假说；后者在文献中很少受到关注。本综述总结了目前关于内皮细胞起源于心外膜间皮或肝原基的知识。本综述还重点关注血细胞对冠状动脉血管发生的贡献。阐述了前心外膜在形成心外膜覆盖层中的作用以及心外膜作为冠状动脉脉管系统和间质成纤维细胞细胞成分来源的作用。似乎形成早期血管结构的血细胞和成血管细胞并非来自同一造血母细胞前体。
