Coffin J D, Poole T J
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SUNY Health Science Center, Syracuse 13210.
Anat Rec. 1991 Nov;231(3):383-95. doi: 10.1002/ar.1092310312.
Using the QH-1 monoclonal antibody as a marker for quail endothelium, blockage and transplant experiments were carried out to construct fate maps for the embryonic endocardium, to determine whether preendocardial angioblasts are migratory, and, if these cells are migratory, to outline the pathways that they use for directed migration in embryonic blood vessel development. Recent descriptive studies using QH-1 to make immunofluorescent whole mounts have described a sequence of events leading to the establishment of the embryonic heart tube. These reports suggest that the pattern for the endocardium and cranial vasculature is established by migrating angioblasts that form vascular cords which mature into blood vessels. Blockage experiments showed that the ventrolateral edge of the anterior intestinal portal serves as a substrate for the directed migration of pre-endocardial angioblasts and that the pattern of the cranioventral vasculature forms independent of the source of angioblasts. Transplant experiments showed that the origin for endocardial angioblasts lies in mesodermal tissue just anterior to Henson's node, that these cells undergo directed migration to the pericardial area, and that angioblasts are pluripotent with the ability to form different blood vessels. The transplant studies also showed that the embryonic mesoderm may contribute to extraembryonic blood vessels on the embryonic yolksac. These results support the hypothesis that embryonic blood vessels may develop by either the vasculogenesis or by the angiogenesis mechanism, and show that the endocardium of the primitive heart tube forms by vasculogenesis.
以QH - 1单克隆抗体作为鹌鹑内皮细胞的标志物，进行了阻断和移植实验，以构建胚胎心内膜的命运图谱，确定心内膜前血管母细胞是否具有迁移性，以及如果这些细胞具有迁移性，勾勒出它们在胚胎血管发育中用于定向迁移的途径。最近使用QH - 1进行免疫荧光整体装片的描述性研究描述了导致胚胎心脏管建立的一系列事件。这些报告表明，心内膜和颅部脉管系统的模式是由迁移的血管母细胞建立的，这些血管母细胞形成血管索，进而成熟为血管。阻断实验表明，前肠门的腹外侧边缘作为心内膜前血管母细胞定向迁移的底物，并且颅腹侧脉管系统的模式独立于血管母细胞的来源形成。移植实验表明，心内膜血管母细胞起源于亨森结前方的中胚层组织，这些细胞经历定向迁移至心包区域，并且血管母细胞具有多能性，能够形成不同的血管。移植研究还表明，胚胎中胚层可能有助于胚胎卵黄囊上的胚外血管。这些结果支持了胚胎血管可能通过血管发生或血管生成机制发育的假说，并表明原始心脏管的心内膜通过血管发生形成。
