Hernández-López L, Cerda-Molina A L, Páez-Ponce D L, Rojas-Maya S, Mondragón-Ceballos R
Departamento de Etología, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México- Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan 14370, México D.F., Mexico.
Theriogenology. 2007 Jan 15;67(2):399-406. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.06.016. Epub 2006 Oct 4.
Artificial insemination (AI) was performed in spider monkeys; these primates are vulnerable to extinction and usually do not reproduce spontaneously in captivity. Uterine cycles were followed by daily assessment of vaginal cytology, and corroborated a posteriori by concentrations of 17-beta estradiol and progesterone, measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA), in fecal samples collected once daily. Five females between 13 to 27 years old were inseminated intravaginally (with fresh semen) twice each during the periovulatory phase (Days 9-12 of the menstrual cycle; Day 0, first day of menstrual bleeding), from September to the first 3 weeks of November (most fertile months). Transcervical AI was not useful in this primate because the liquid portion of the semen completely solidified instead of liquefying as in other primates. Pregnancies were apparently achieved in 5 of 14 attempts. One female became pregnant after the first round of inseminations, delivered a healthy infant, was inseminated and got pregnant again (subsequently aborted). One female aborted, apparently due to an intramural uterine leiomyoma. Another two females stopped menstruating for a few months, then restarted menstruating (these females may have been pregnant and aborted). In conclusion, in spider monkeys: (1) captivity-induced stress did not inhibit reproduction; (2) fecal steroid hormones were useful to assess cyclicity; (3) the semen coagulum, which apparently is a tightly packed and large reservoir of spermatozoa, must not be discarded but used in AI; (4) old female spider monkeys did not have cessation of reproductive function.
在蜘蛛猴身上进行了人工授精；这些灵长类动物濒临灭绝，通常在圈养环境中不会自然繁殖。通过每日评估阴道细胞学来跟踪子宫周期，并通过放射免疫测定法（RIA）测量每日采集的粪便样本中17-β雌二醇和孕酮的浓度，从而事后进行验证。在排卵前期（月经周期的第9 - 12天；第0天为月经出血的第一天），从9月至11月的前三周（最易受孕的月份），对5只年龄在13至27岁之间的雌性蜘蛛猴进行了两次经阴道（使用新鲜精液）授精。经宫颈人工授精在这种灵长类动物中并不适用，因为精液的液体部分完全凝固，而不像其他灵长类动物那样液化。14次尝试中有5次显然成功受孕。一只雌性在第一轮授精后怀孕，产下了一个健康的婴儿，再次授精后又怀孕（随后流产）。一只雌性流产，显然是由于子宫壁内的平滑肌瘤。另外两只雌性停止月经几个月后，又重新开始月经（这些雌性可能已经怀孕并流产）。总之，对于蜘蛛猴：（1）圈养引起的应激并未抑制繁殖；（2）粪便类固醇激素有助于评估周期性；（3）精液凝块显然是精子紧密堆积的大储存库，不能丢弃而应在人工授精中使用；（4）年老的雌性蜘蛛猴并未停止生殖功能。
