Kameda Yoko
Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan.
Cell Tissue Res. 2007 Jan;327(1):15-23. doi: 10.1007/s00441-006-0315-0. Epub 2006 Sep 23.
Drosophila glial cells missing (Drosophila Gcm) is a transcription factor that is required for the differentiation of glial cells. Gcm2, a mouse homologue of Drosophila Gcm, is a master regulatory gene of parathyroid development and is expressed in the parathyroid rudiment. We have found that the mouse parathyroid exhibits the glial progenitor markers, p75(NTR) and S100 protein, during fetal development. At embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5), a bulge of the parathyroid rudiment is formed in the cranial part of the third pharyngeal pouch. The rudiment exhibits immunoreactivity for p75(NTR) and S100 protein, in addition to secretory protein 1/chromogranin A. While the thymus rudiment, which arises from the caudal part of the third pharyngeal pouch, is moving downwards, the parathyroid is attached to the top of thymus. The parathyroid comes into contact with the thyroid lobe at E13.5 and then separates from the thymus. The parathyroid maintains intense immunoreactivity for p75(NTR) and S100 protein during the migration and development in the thyroid lobe. The co-localization of p75(NTR) and S100 in the developing parathyroid cells has been confirmed by confocal microscopy. Other glial markers, viz. glial fibrillary acidic protein, Sox10, vimentin and nestin, are not expressed in the parathyroid at any stage of development. The neural progenitor markers, neurofilament 160 and TuJ1, are also absent from the parathyroid. Taken together, we suggest that Gcm2 supplies only some glial progenitor characteristics to the parathyroid rudiment.
果蝇神经胶质细胞缺失蛋白（Drosophila Gcm）是一种转录因子，是神经胶质细胞分化所必需的。Gcm2是果蝇Gcm的小鼠同源物，是甲状旁腺发育的主要调控基因，在甲状旁腺原基中表达。我们发现，小鼠甲状旁腺在胎儿发育过程中表现出神经胶质前体标志物p75（NTR）和S100蛋白。在胚胎第11.5天（E11.5），甲状旁腺原基在第三咽囊的颅部形成一个凸起。除分泌蛋白1/嗜铬粒蛋白A外，该原基对p75（NTR）和S100蛋白表现出免疫反应性。当起源于第三咽囊尾部的胸腺原基向下移动时，甲状旁腺附着在胸腺顶部。甲状旁腺在E13.5与甲状腺叶接触，然后与胸腺分离。在甲状腺叶中迁移和发育期间，甲状旁腺对p75（NTR）和S100蛋白保持强烈的免疫反应性。共聚焦显微镜已证实p75（NTR）和S100在发育中的甲状旁腺细胞中共定位。其他神经胶质标志物，即神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白、Sox10、波形蛋白和巢蛋白，在甲状旁腺发育的任何阶段均不表达。神经前体标志物神经丝160和TuJ1在甲状旁腺中也不存在。综上所述，我们认为Gcm2仅为甲状旁腺原基提供一些神经胶质前体特征。
