Kostandov E A, Farber D A, Machinskaia R I, Cheremushkin E A, Ashkinazi M L, Petrenko N E
Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova. 2006 Jul-Aug;56(4):472-80.
Changes in the alpha-rhythm synchronization were revealed at different stages of cognitive visual set in 5- to 7-year-old children. We found a clear-cut correlation of these changes with set plasticity. In children with a plastic set, the EEG synchronization between the frontal and other brain regions substantially increased in the period of set-shifting (the actualization stage). At the set extinction stage, after set-shifting has already taken place, the EEG-synchronization becomes minimal. On the contrary, in children who formed a rigid set, EEG coherence considerably increases at the set extinction stage. This finding suggests that the rigid set still affects the cognitive activity even after (judging from oral reports) the set shift has been completed. The age-related differences in cognitive set formation clearly correlate with the time course of the EEG synchronization between the frontal and other brain regions. We think that the ability to form a plastic visual set depends on the frontal cortex maturation, which occurs at the age of 6-7 years, and its age-related effect on the brain cognitive functions.
在5至7岁儿童认知视觉定势的不同阶段，发现了α节律同步性的变化。我们发现这些变化与定势可塑性之间存在明显的相关性。在具有可塑性定势的儿童中，在定势转换期（实现阶段），额叶与其他脑区之间的脑电图同步性显著增加。在定势消退阶段，即在定势转换已经发生之后，脑电图同步性变得最小。相反，在形成刚性定势的儿童中，脑电图相干性在定势消退阶段显著增加。这一发现表明，即使在（从口头报告判断）定势转换已经完成之后，刚性定势仍然会影响认知活动。认知定势形成过程中的年龄相关差异与额叶和其他脑区之间脑电图同步性的时间进程明显相关。我们认为，形成可塑性视觉定势的能力取决于额叶皮质的成熟，额叶皮质在6至7岁时成熟，以及其与年龄相关的对大脑认知功能的影响。
