Sinuon M, Tsuyuoka R, Socheat D, Odermatt P, Ohmae H, Matsuda H, Montresor A, Palmer K
National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health of Cambodia Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2007 Jan;101(1):34-9. doi: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.04.011. Epub 2006 Oct 9.
In Cambodia, schistosomiasis is transmitted in the provinces of Kratie and Stung Treng where approximately 80000 individuals are estimated to be at risk of infection. The baseline prevalence of infection was estimated to be between 73% and 88%, and cases of severe morbidity (hepatosplenomegaly, puberty retardation) and mortality were very common. In 1994, the Ministry of Health of Cambodia started schistosomiasis control applying universal chemotherapy with praziquantel (40mg/kg). The coverage of the programme was between 62% and 86% for 8 years. This simple control measure resulted in the control of the disease: no cases were reported in 2004 and only three cases were reported in 2005. In addition, there are no longer reports of cases of severe morbidity due to schistosomiasis. Since the beginning of the control programme, a single dose of mebendazole (500mg) has been combined with praziquantel during the mass chemotherapy; as a result the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworms dropped from 74.5% to 10% and from 86% to 40% respectively. The experience in Cambodia demonstrates that, with political commitment, control of parasitic diseases is achievable even in a situation of minimal resources. The programme represents a successful model for other developing countries.
在柬埔寨，血吸虫病在桔井省和上丁省传播，据估计约有8万人面临感染风险。据估计，感染的基线患病率在73%至88%之间，严重发病（肝脾肿大、青春期发育迟缓）和死亡病例非常常见。1994年，柬埔寨卫生部开始采用吡喹酮（40mg/kg）进行普遍化疗来控制血吸虫病。该项目的覆盖率在8年时间里为62%至86%。这一简单的控制措施实现了疾病的控制：2004年未报告病例，2005年仅报告了3例。此外，不再有因血吸虫病导致的严重发病病例报告。自控制项目启动以来，在大规模化疗期间，单剂量甲苯达唑（500mg）与吡喹酮联合使用；结果，蛔虫和钩虫的患病率分别从74.5%降至10%，从86%降至40%。柬埔寨的经验表明，有了政治承诺，即使在资源极少的情况下，控制寄生虫病也是可以实现的。该项目为其他发展中国家树立了成功典范。
