Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA; Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195-5020, USA.
Trends Parasitol. 2018 Jan;34(1):23-40. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2017.10.002. Epub 2017 Nov 7.
Control strategies to reduce human schistosomiasis have evolved from 'snail picking' campaigns, a century ago, to modern wide-scale human treatment campaigns, or preventive chemotherapy. Unfortunately, despite the rise in preventive chemotherapy campaigns, just as many people suffer from schistosomiasis today as they did 50 years ago. Snail control can complement preventive chemotherapy by reducing the risk of transmission from snails to humans. Here, we present ideas for modernizing and scaling up snail control, including spatiotemporal targeting, environmental diagnostics, better molluscicides, new technologies (e.g., gene drive), and 'outside the box' strategies such as natural enemies, traps, and repellants. We conclude that, to achieve the World Health Assembly's stated goal to eliminate schistosomiasis, it is time to give snail control another look.
控制策略已从一个世纪前的“钉螺清除”活动演变为现代大规模人群治疗活动或预防化疗。遗憾的是，尽管预防化疗活动有所增加，但如今仍有与 50 年前一样多的人患有血吸虫病。通过减少从钉螺向人类传播的风险，钉螺控制可以补充预防化疗。在这里，我们提出了一些现代化和扩大钉螺控制规模的想法，包括时空靶向、环境诊断、更好的杀螺剂、新技术（例如基因驱动）以及“跳出框框”的策略，如天敌、诱捕器和驱避剂。我们得出的结论是，为了实现世界卫生大会消除血吸虫病的既定目标，现在是时候重新审视钉螺控制了。
