Marcinowski Frank, Tonkay Douglas W
Office of Environmental Management, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20585, USA.
Health Phys. 2006 Nov;91(5):498-501. doi: 10.1097/01.HP.0000232619.36289.74.
The U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE) is making significant progress with the cleanup of its legacy radioactively-contaminated facilities and sites left from research and development and production of nuclear materials and weapons. Sites like Rocky Flats, Battelle Columbus Laboratories, Fernald, Mound, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Hanford, and Oak Ridge are faced daily with decisions related to disposition of waste and radioactive material. One key to this success is the disposition of waste arising from cleanup. Most of the generated waste volume has very low levels of radioactive contamination. The waste includes contaminated soil, debris from demolition, or scrap metal and equipment. The cost of disposing of large volumes of waste can be prohibitive, so there is incentive to find innovative ways to disposition wastes. This paper describes the current status of policy development in this area, such as development of a draft programmatic environmental impact statement and monitoring of related rulemaking at the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The paper also provides an overview of draft U.S. DOE guidance on control and release of property with residual radioactive material, and site-specific applications of DOE guidance.
美国能源部（U.S. DOE）在清理其遗留的放射性污染设施和场地方面取得了重大进展，这些设施和场地是核材料与武器研发及生产遗留下来的。诸如洛基弗拉茨、巴特尔哥伦布实验室、弗纳尔德、芒德、布鲁克海文国家实验室、汉福德和橡树岭等场地，每天都面临着与废物及放射性物质处置相关的决策。取得这一成功的关键之一在于清理产生的废物处置。产生的大部分废物体积放射性污染水平很低。这些废物包括受污染土壤、拆除废墟或废金属及设备。处置大量废物的成本可能过高，因此有动力去寻找创新的废物处置方式。本文描述了该领域政策制定的现状，比如编制一份计划性环境影响声明草案以及对美国核管理委员会相关规则制定情况的监测。本文还概述了美国能源部关于控制和释放含有残留放射性物质财产的指导意见草案，以及能源部指导意见在特定场地的应用。
