McEvoy Suzanne P, Stevenson Mark R, Woodward Mark
The George Institute for International Health, The University of Sydney, P.O. Box M201 Missenden Rd, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
Accid Anal Prev. 2007 May;39(3):475-82. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2006.09.005. Epub 2006 Oct 10.
The study's objectives were to determine the prevalence and types of distracting activities involved in serious crashes, and to explore the factors associated with such crashes. We interviewed 1367 drivers who attended hospital in Perth, Western Australia between April 2002 and July 2004 following a crash. A structured questionnaire was administered to each driver and supplementary data were collected from ambulance and medical records. Over 30% of drivers (433, 31.7%) cited at least one distracting activity at the time of crashing and driver distraction was reported to have contributed to 13.6% of all crashes. The major distracting activities were conversing with passengers (155, 11.3%), lack of concentration (148, 10.8%) and outside factors (121, 8.9%). Using logistic regression, a distracting activity at the time of a crash was significantly more likely among drivers with shorter driving experience (0-9 years, 38.3% versus >or=30 years, 21.0%, p<0.001). Distracting activities at the time of serious crashes are common and can cause crashes, and the types of activities reported are varied. Increased driver awareness of the adverse consequences of distracted driving with a focus on novice drivers, enforcement of existing laws (e.g. those requiring a driver to maintain proper control of a vehicle), and progress on engineering initiatives (such as collision warning systems) are needed to reduce injury.
该研究的目的是确定严重撞车事故中涉及的分散注意力活动的发生率和类型，并探讨与此类撞车事故相关的因素。我们采访了2002年4月至2004年7月期间在西澳大利亚州珀斯因撞车事故而住院的1367名司机。对每位司机进行了结构化问卷调查，并从救护车和医疗记录中收集了补充数据。超过30%的司机（433名，31.7%）表示在撞车时至少进行了一项分散注意力的活动，据报告司机注意力分散导致了所有撞车事故的13.6%。主要的分散注意力活动包括与乘客交谈（155名，11.3%）、注意力不集中（148名，10.8%）和外部因素（121名，8.9%）。使用逻辑回归分析发现，驾驶经验较短的司机（0至9年，38.3%，而驾驶经验≥30年的司机为21.0%，p<0.001）在撞车时进行分散注意力活动的可能性显著更高。严重撞车事故发生时的分散注意力活动很常见，且可能导致撞车事故，报告的活动类型多种多样。为了减少伤害，需要提高司机对分心驾驶不良后果的认识，尤其是针对新手司机，加强现有法律的执行（例如那些要求司机保持对车辆适当控制的法律），以及在工程举措（如碰撞预警系统）方面取得进展。
