McGlynn Katherine A, Zhang Yawei, Sakoda Lori C, Rubertone Mark V, Erickson Ralph L, Graubard Barry I
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006 Oct;15(10):1820-4. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0389.
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most common cancer among men ages 15 to 35 years in the United States. The well-established TGCT risk factors cryptorchism, prior diagnosis of TGCT, and family history of testicular cancer indicate that exposures in early life and/or in the familial setting may be critical to determining risk. Previous reports of familial clustering of lung cancer in mothers and testicular cancers in sons suggest that passive smoking in childhood may be such an exposure. To clarify the relationship of passive smoking exposure to TGCT risk, data from 754 cases and 928 controls enrolled in the Servicemen's Testicular Tumor Environmental and Endocrine Determinants study were analyzed. Data from 1,086 mothers of the cases and controls were also examined. Overall, there was no relationship between maternal [odds ratio (OR), 1.1; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.9-1.3] or paternal smoking (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.8-1.3) and TGCT risk. Although living with a non-parent smoker was marginally related to risk (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0-2.1), there was no relationship with number of smokers, amount smoked, or duration of smoking. Responses from both case-control participants and mothers also revealed no relationship between either maternal smoking while pregnant or while breast-feeding. Results did not differ by TGCT histology (seminoma, non-seminoma). These results do not support the hypothesis that passive smoking, either in utero or in childhood, is related to risk of TGCT. Other early life exposures, however, may explain the familial clustering of lung cancer in mothers and TGCT in sons.
睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤（TGCT）是美国15至35岁男性中最常见的癌症。已明确的TGCT风险因素包括隐睾症、既往TGCT诊断史和睾丸癌家族史，这表明生命早期和/或家族环境中的暴露可能对确定风险至关重要。先前关于母亲患肺癌和儿子患睾丸癌的家族聚集性报告表明，儿童时期的被动吸烟可能就是这样一种暴露。为了阐明被动吸烟暴露与TGCT风险之间的关系，对参加军人睾丸肿瘤环境与内分泌决定因素研究的754例病例和928例对照的数据进行了分析。还检查了1086例病例和对照的母亲的数据。总体而言，母亲吸烟（比值比[OR]，1.1；95%置信区间[95%CI]，0.9 - 1.3）或父亲吸烟（OR，1.0；95%CI，0.8 - 1.3）与TGCT风险之间没有关系。虽然与非父母吸烟者同住与风险有轻微关联（OR，1.4；95%CI，1.0 - 2.1），但与吸烟者数量、吸烟量或吸烟持续时间没有关系。病例对照参与者和母亲的回答也显示，母亲在怀孕或哺乳期间吸烟与TGCT风险之间均无关系。结果在TGCT组织学类型（精原细胞瘤、非精原细胞瘤）方面没有差异。这些结果不支持子宫内或儿童时期的被动吸烟与TGCT风险相关的假设。然而，其他生命早期暴露可能解释母亲患肺癌和儿子患TGCT的家族聚集现象。
