Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD 20852-7234, USA.
Future Oncol. 2009 Nov;5(9):1389-402. doi: 10.2217/fon.09.116.
Globally, testicular cancer incidence is highest among men of northern European ancestry and lowest among men of Asian and African descent. Incidence rates have been increasing around the world for at least 50 years, but mortality rates, at least in developed countries, have been declining. While reasons for the decreases in mortality are related to improvements in therapeutic regimens introduced in the late 1970s, reasons for the increase in incidence are less well understood. However, an accumulating body of evidence suggests that testicular cancer arises in fetal life. Perinatal factors, including exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, have been suggested to be related to risk.
在全球范围内，北欧血统男性的睾丸癌发病率最高，而亚洲和非洲裔男性的发病率最低。至少 50 年来，全球的发病率一直在上升，但死亡率（至少在发达国家）一直在下降。虽然死亡率下降的原因与 20 世纪 70 年代末引入的治疗方案的改进有关，但发病率上升的原因却不太清楚。然而，越来越多的证据表明，睾丸癌发生在胎儿期。包括接触内分泌干扰化学物质在内的围产期因素被认为与风险有关。
