Auhagen Ann Elisabeth, Holub Franziska
Department of Psychology, Free University of Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
Psychol Rep. 2006 Aug;99(1):131-46. doi: 10.2466/pr0.99.1.131-146.
Building on Viktor Frankl's clinical approach of Logotherapy and the works of subsequent theoreticians, three types of meaning of life were theoretically derived and empirically investigated, Ultimate, Provisional, and Personal meaning. These types were characterized, first, by the amount of agreement of subjects, second, by sources of Life Meaning, which were assessed by content analyses, third, by correlations, and fourth by prediction with ratings of important life concepts from the domains of Well-being, Religiosity, and Prosocial Behavior. 192 German adults, 45 men and 147 women, whose M age was 31.6 yr. (SD = 11.9), participated. Analysis indicated different sources for the Ultimate meaning compared with the other meaning types, which seem to display more similarities with each other. Other important life concepts, such as Belief, Harmony, Happiness, and Human Goodness were related to the investigated types of meaning of life. Some implications for clinical applications, research perspectives, and Positive Psychology are discussed.
基于维克托·弗兰克尔的意义疗法临床方法以及后续理论家的著作，从理论上推导并实证研究了生命意义的三种类型：终极意义、临时意义和个人意义。这些类型的特点，首先是被试的认同程度，其次是生命意义的来源（通过内容分析进行评估），第三是相关性，第四是与幸福、宗教信仰和亲社会行为领域的重要生活概念评分的预测关系。192名德国成年人参与了研究，其中45名男性，147名女性，平均年龄为31.6岁（标准差 = 11.9）。分析表明，与其他意义类型相比，终极意义的来源不同，而其他意义类型之间似乎有更多相似之处。其他重要的生活概念，如信仰、和谐、幸福和人性善良，与所研究的生命意义类型相关。文中还讨论了对临床应用、研究视角和积极心理学的一些启示。
