Mayer Claude-Hélène, Krasovska Nataliya, Fouché Paul J P
Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Faculty of Cultural Studies, European University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder), Frankfurt, Germany.
Eur J Psychol. 2021 Aug 31;17(3):164-175. doi: 10.5964/ejop.4689. eCollection 2021 Aug.
This article aims to uncover the meaning of life and death across the lifespan of the extraordinary person, Viktor E. Frankl (1905-1997). Frankl was purposively sampled due to his international acclaim as an Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist, who later became famous as a holocaust survivor and the founder of logotherapy. Through his approach of "healing through meaning," he became the founder of the meaning-centred school of psychotherapy and published many books on existential and humanistic psychology. The study describes the meaning of life and death through two theoretical approaches: the archetypal analysis based on C.G. Jung's and C.S. Pearson's work and a terror management approach based on the melancholic existentialist work of Ernest Becker. The methodology of psychobiography is used to conduct the psycho-historical analysis of the interplay of archetypes and death annihilation anxiety throughout Frankl's lifespan. The article evaluates how archetypes and death anxiety interacts and how they built meaning in different stages of Frankl's lifespan. The theories are discussed and illustrated in the light of Viktor E. Frankl's life.
本文旨在揭示非凡人物维克托·E·弗兰克尔（1905 - 1997）一生当中生与死的意义。弗兰克尔作为一名奥地利神经学家和精神科医生享誉国际，后来他成为大屠杀幸存者以及存在主义分析疗法的创始人，正是基于此他被特意选为研究对象。通过他“通过意义治愈”的方法，他成为了以意义为中心的心理治疗学派的创始人，并出版了许多关于存在主义和人本主义心理学的书籍。该研究通过两种理论方法描述生与死的意义：一种是基于卡尔·古斯塔夫·荣格和C.S.皮尔逊著作的原型分析，另一种是基于欧内斯特·贝克尔忧郁的存在主义著作的恐惧管理方法。心理传记的方法被用于对弗兰克尔一生当中原型与死亡毁灭焦虑之间的相互作用进行心理历史分析。本文评估了原型与死亡焦虑是如何相互作用的，以及它们如何在弗兰克尔一生的不同阶段构建意义。这些理论将结合维克托·E·弗兰克尔的生平进行讨论和阐释。
