Lipp Ottmar V, Purkis Helena M
School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia.
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 2006 Oct;32(4):431-40. doi: 10.1037/0097-7403.32.4.431.
Recent research on causal learning found (a) that causal judgments reflect either the current predictive value of a conditional stimulus (CS) or an integration across the experimental contingencies used in the entire experiment and (b) that postexperimental judgments, rather than the CS's current predictive value, are likely to reflect this integration. In the current study, the authors examined whether verbal valence ratings were subject to similar integration. Assessments of stimulus valence and contingencies responded similarly to variations of reporting requirements, contingency reversal, and extinction, reflecting either current or integrated values. However, affective learning required more trials to reflect a contingency change than did contingency judgments. The integration of valence assessments across training and the fact that affective learning is slow to reflect contingency changes can provide an alternative interpretation for researchers' previous failures to find an effect of extinction training on verbal reports of CS valence.
（a）因果判断要么反映条件刺激（CS）当前的预测价值，要么反映整个实验中所使用的实验性偶然性的综合情况；（b）实验后的判断，而非CS当前的预测价值，可能反映这种综合情况。在本研究中，作者检验了言语效价评定是否也会进行类似的综合。对刺激效价和偶然性的评估对报告要求的变化、偶然性反转和消退的反应相似，反映的是当前值或综合值。然而，与偶然性判断相比，情感学习需要更多的试验来反映偶然性变化。效价评估在训练过程中的综合情况以及情感学习较慢反映偶然性变化这一事实，能够为研究人员之前未能发现消退训练对CS效价言语报告产生影响的情况提供另一种解释。
