Bolders Anna C, Band Guido P H, Stallen Pieter Jan
Cognitive Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University Leiden, Netherlands.
Front Psychol. 2012 Apr 10;3:106. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00106. eCollection 2012.
Through evaluative conditioning (EC) a stimulus can acquire an affective value by pairing it with another affective stimulus. While many sounds we encounter daily have acquired an affective value over life, EC has hardly been tested in the auditory domain. To get a more complete understanding of affective processing in auditory domain we examined EC of sound. In Experiment 1 we investigated whether the affective evaluation of short environmental sounds can be changed using affective words as unconditioned stimuli (US). Congruency effects on an affective priming task for conditioned sounds demonstrated successful EC. Subjective ratings for sounds paired with negative words changed accordingly. In Experiment 2 we investigated whether extinction occurs, i.e., whether the acquired valence remains stable after repeated presentation of the conditioned sound without the US. The acquired affective value remained present, albeit weaker, even after 40 extinction trials. These results provide clear evidence for EC effects in the auditory domain. We will argue that both associative as well as propositional processes are likely to underlie these effects.
通过评价性条件作用（EC），一个刺激可以通过与另一个情感刺激配对而获得情感价值。虽然我们日常遇到的许多声音在生活中已经获得了情感价值，但EC在听觉领域几乎没有得到过测试。为了更全面地了解听觉领域的情感加工，我们研究了声音的EC。在实验1中，我们研究了使用情感词作为无条件刺激（US）是否可以改变对简短环境声音的情感评价。对条件声音的情感启动任务的一致性效应证明了成功的EC。与负面词配对的声音的主观评分相应地发生了变化。在实验2中，我们研究了消退是否会发生，即，在不呈现US的情况下重复呈现条件声音后，获得的效价是否保持稳定。即使经过40次消退试验，获得的情感价值仍然存在，尽管较弱。这些结果为听觉领域的EC效应提供了明确的证据。我们将论证，联想过程和命题过程都可能是这些效应的基础。
