Gunatillake Pathiraja, Mayadunne Roshan, Adhikari Raju
PolyNovo Biomaterials Pty Ltd, Bag 10, Clayton South, Bayview Avenue, Clayton 3169, Australia.
Biotechnol Annu Rev. 2006;12:301-47. doi: 10.1016/S1387-2656(06)12009-8.
This chapter reviews recent developments in biodegradable synthetic polymers focusing on tailoring polymer structures to meet material specification for emerging applications such as tissue engineered products and therapies. Major classes and new families of synthetic polymers are discussed with regard to synthesis, properties and biodegradability, and known degradation modes and products are summarized based on studies reported during the past 10-15 years. Polyesters and their copolymers, polyurethanes, polyphosphazenes, polyanhydrides, polycarbonates, polyesteramides and recently developed injectable polymer systems based on polypropylenefumarates, polyurethanes and acrylate/urethane systems are reviewed. Polyesters such as polyglycolides, polylactides and their copolymers still remain as the major class of synthetic biodegradable polymers with products in clinical use. Although various copolymerization methods have addressed needs of different applications, release of acidic degradation products, processing difficulties and limited range of mechanical properties remains as major disadvantages of this family of polymers. Injectable polymers based on urethane and urethane/acrylate have shown great promise in developing delivery systems for tissue engineered products and therapies.
本章回顾了可生物降解合成聚合物的最新进展，重点是调整聚合物结构，以满足组织工程产品和治疗等新兴应用的材料规格要求。讨论了合成聚合物的主要类别和新系列的合成、性质和生物降解性，并根据过去10至15年报道的研究总结了已知的降解模式和产物。综述了聚酯及其共聚物、聚氨酯、聚磷腈、聚酸酐、聚碳酸酯、聚酯酰胺以及最近开发的基于聚丙二醇富马酸酯、聚氨酯和丙烯酸酯/聚氨酯体系的可注射聚合物体系。聚乙交酯、聚丙交酯及其共聚物等聚酯仍然是临床使用产品中主要的合成可生物降解聚合物类别。尽管各种共聚方法满足了不同应用的需求，但酸性降解产物的释放、加工困难以及机械性能范围有限仍然是这类聚合物的主要缺点。基于聚氨酯和聚氨酯/丙烯酸酯的可注射聚合物在开发用于组织工程产品和治疗的递送系统方面显示出巨大潜力。
