Sommer Ulrich, Aberle Nicole, Engel Anja, Hansen Thomas, Lengfellner Kathrin, Sandow Marcel, Wohlers Julia, Zöllner Eckart, Riebesell Ulf
Leibniz Institute for Marine Sciences, Kiel University, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
Oecologia. 2007 Jan;150(4):655-67. doi: 10.1007/s00442-006-0539-4. Epub 2006 Sep 19.
An indoor mesocosm system was set up to study the response of phytoplankton and zooplankton spring succession to winter and spring warming of sea surface temperatures. The experimental temperature regimes consisted of the decadal average of the Kiel Bight, Baltic Sea, and three elevated regimes with 2 degrees C, 4 degrees C, and 6 degrees C temperature difference from that at baseline. While the peak of the phytoplankton spring bloom was accelerated only weakly by increasing temperatures (1.4 days per degree Celsius), the subsequent biomass minimum of phytoplankton was accelerated more strongly (4.25 days per degree Celsius). Phytoplankton size structure showed a pronounced response to warming, with large phytoplankton being more dominant in the cooler mesocosms. The first seasonal ciliate peak was accelerated by 2.1 days per degree Celsius and the second one by 2.0 days per degree Celsius. The over-wintering copepod populations declined faster in the warmer mesocosm, and the appearance of nauplii was strongly accelerated by temperature (9.2 days per degree Celsius). The strong difference between the acceleration of the phytoplankton peak and the acceleration of the nauplii could be one of the "Achilles heels" of pelagic systems subject to climate change, because nauplii are the most starvation-sensitive life cycle stage of copepods and the most important food item of first-feeding fish larvae.
建立了一个室内中宇宙系统，以研究浮游植物和浮游动物春季演替对冬季和春季海表温度变暖的响应。实验温度 regime 包括波罗的海基尔湾的十年平均值，以及与基线温度相差2摄氏度、4摄氏度和6摄氏度的三个升高 regime。虽然浮游植物春季水华的峰值仅因温度升高而微弱加速（每摄氏度1.4天），但随后浮游植物的生物量最小值加速更为明显（每摄氏度4.25天）。浮游植物的大小结构对变暖表现出明显的响应，在较冷的中宇宙中大型浮游植物更为占优势。第一个季节性纤毛虫峰值每摄氏度加速2.1天，第二个加速2.0天。在较温暖的中宇宙中，越冬桡足类种群下降更快，无节幼体的出现因温度而强烈加速（每摄氏度9.2天）。浮游植物峰值的加速与无节幼体的加速之间的强烈差异可能是受气候变化影响的远洋系统的“阿喀琉斯之踵”之一，因为无节幼体是桡足类对饥饿最敏感的生命周期阶段，也是初次摄食的鱼类幼体最重要的食物来源。
