Fiocchi Alessandro, Martelli Alberto
Department of Child and Maternal Medicine, University of Milan Medical School at the Fatebenefratelli/Melloni Hospital, Milan, Italy.
Pediatr Ann. 2006 Oct;35(10):755-6, 758-63. doi: 10.3928/0090-4481-20061001-13.
Food allergy is a modifiable disease, and at present its only form of management is dietary elimination of the offending food or foods. Success depends on the modification of four sources of food-related risk: underestimation of the food allergy problem; ignorance of cross-reacting allergens in other foods; unsupportive or uninformed measures from the family or school environments; and inadequate social recognition that food allergy is a growing public health problem. Ultimately, the empowerment of children with allergies through education, allergist and dietician guidance, and patient association feedback can minimize the morbidity of food allergy and enhance the quality of life of both the child and the family. From a research perspective, studies on the longterm efficacy of the dietary exclusion of specific food allergens are needed. The role of the pediatrician is central in this regard and would be complemented by advice from a nutritionist.
食物过敏是一种可改变的疾病，目前其唯一的管理方式是从饮食中排除引起过敏的一种或多种食物。成功取决于对与食物相关的四种风险源进行调整：对食物过敏问题的低估；对其他食物中交叉反应性过敏原的忽视；家庭或学校环境中不支持或缺乏相关知识的措施；以及社会对食物过敏作为一个日益严重的公共卫生问题认识不足。最终，通过教育、过敏症专科医生和营养师的指导以及患者协会的反馈来增强过敏儿童的能力，可以将食物过敏的发病率降至最低，并提高儿童及其家庭的生活质量。从研究角度来看，需要对排除特定食物过敏原的饮食疗法的长期疗效进行研究。在这方面，儿科医生的作用至关重要，营养学家的建议将起到补充作用。
