Morris M C, Evans D A, Tangney C C, Bienias J L, Wilson R S
Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, 1645 W. Jackson, Ste. 675, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Neurology. 2006 Oct 24;67(8):1370-6. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000240224.38978.d8.
To examine the association between rates of cognitive change and dietary consumption of fruits and vegetables among older persons.
The authors conducted a prospective cohort study of 3,718 participants, aged 65 years and older of the Chicago Health and Aging Project. Participants completed a food frequency questionnaire and were administered at least two of three cognitive assessments at baseline, 3-year, and 6-year follow-ups. Cognitive function was measured using the average z-score of four tests: the East Boston Tests of immediate memory and delayed recall, the Mini-Mental State Examination, and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test.
The mean cognitive score at baseline for the analyzed cohort was 0.18 (range: -3.5 to 1.6), and the overall mean change in score per year was a decline of 0.04 standardized units. In mixed effects models adjusted for age, sex, race, and education, compared with the rate of cognitive decline among persons in the lowest quintile of vegetable intake (median of 0.9 servings/day), the rate for persons in the fourth quintile (median, 2.8 servings/day) was slower by 0.019 standardized units per year (p = 0.01), a 40% decrease, and by 0.018 standardized units per year (p = 0.02) for the fifth quintile (median, 4.1 servings/day), or a 38% decrease in rates. The association remained significant (p for linear trend = 0.02) with further control of cardiovascular-related conditions and risk factors. Fruit consumption was not associated with cognitive change.
High vegetable but not fruit consumption may be associated with slower rate of cognitive decline with older age.
研究老年人认知变化率与水果和蔬菜饮食摄入量之间的关联。
作者对芝加哥健康与老龄项目中3718名65岁及以上的参与者进行了一项前瞻性队列研究。参与者完成了一份食物频率问卷，并在基线、3年和6年随访时接受了三项认知评估中的至少两项。认知功能通过四项测试的平均z分数来衡量：东波士顿即时记忆和延迟回忆测试、简易精神状态检查表以及符号数字模态测试。
分析队列的基线平均认知评分为0.18（范围：-3.5至1.6），每年得分的总体平均变化为下降0.04个标准化单位。在根据年龄、性别、种族和教育程度进行调整的混合效应模型中，与蔬菜摄入量最低五分位数人群（中位数为每天0.9份）的认知衰退率相比，第四五分位数人群（中位数为每天2.8份）的认知衰退率每年慢0.019个标准化单位（p = 0.01），即下降40%，第五五分位数人群（中位数为每天4.1份）的认知衰退率每年慢0.018个标准化单位（p = 0.02），即下降38%。在进一步控制心血管相关疾病和风险因素后，这种关联仍然显著（线性趋势p = 0.02）。水果摄入量与认知变化无关。
高蔬菜摄入量而非高水果摄入量可能与老年人认知衰退速度较慢有关。
