Marri Pradeep Reddy, Bannantine John P, Golding Geoffrey B
Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2006 Nov;30(6):906-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2006.00041.x.
The genus Mycobacterium comprises significant pathogenic species that infect both humans and animals. One species within this genus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the primary killer of humans resulting from bacterial infections. Five mycobacterial genomes belonging to four different species (M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis) have been sequenced to date and another 14 mycobacterial genomes are at various stages of completion. A comparative analysis of the gene products of key metabolic pathways revealed that the major differences among these species are in the gene products constituting the cell wall and the gene families encoding the acidic glycine-rich (PE/PPE/PGRS) proteins. Mycobacterium leprae has evolved by retaining a minimal gene set for most of the gene families, whereas M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis has acquired some of the virulence factors by lateral gene transfer.
分枝杆菌属包含感染人类和动物的重要致病菌种。该属中的一种，结核分枝杆菌，是导致人类细菌感染死亡的主要病菌。迄今为止，已对属于四个不同物种（结核分枝杆菌、牛分枝杆菌、麻风分枝杆菌和副结核分枝杆菌鸟型亚种）的五个分枝杆菌基因组进行了测序，另有14个分枝杆菌基因组处于不同的完成阶段。对关键代谢途径基因产物的比较分析表明，这些物种之间的主要差异在于构成细胞壁的基因产物以及编码富含酸性甘氨酸的（PE/PPE/PGRS）蛋白的基因家族。麻风分枝杆菌通过保留大多数基因家族的最小基因集而进化，而副结核分枝杆菌鸟型亚种则通过横向基因转移获得了一些毒力因子。
