Zotkin Dmitry N, Duraiswami Ramani, Grassi Elena, Gumerov Nail A
Perceptual Interfaces and Reality Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2006 Oct;120(4):2202-15. doi: 10.1121/1.2207578.
An efficient method for head-related transfer function (HRTF) measurement is presented. By applying the acoustical principle of reciprocity, one can swap the speaker and the microphone positions in the traditional (direct) HRTF measurement setup, that is, insert a microspeaker into the subject's ear and position several microphones around the subject, enabling simultaneous HRTF acquisition at all microphone positions. The setup used for reciprocal HRTF measurement is described, and the obtained HRTFs are compared with the analytical solution for a sound-hard sphere and with KEMAR manikin HRTF obtained by the direct method. The reciprocally measured sphere HRTF agrees well with the analytical solution. The reciprocally measured and the directly measured KEMAR HRTFs are not exactly identical but agree well in spectrum shape and feature positions. To evaluate if the observed differences are significant, an auditory localization model based on work by J. C. Middlebrooks [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 92, 2607-2624 (1992)] was used to predict where a virtual sound source synthesized with the reciprocally measured HRTF would be localized if the directly measured HRTF were used for the localization. It was found that the predicted localization direction generally lies close to the measurement direction, indicating that the HRTFs obtained via the two methods are in good agreement.
提出了一种用于测量头部相关传递函数（HRTF）的有效方法。通过应用声学互易原理，可以在传统（直接）HRTF测量设置中交换扬声器和麦克风的位置，即在受试者耳中插入一个微型扬声器，并在受试者周围放置多个麦克风，从而能够在所有麦克风位置同时采集HRTF。描述了用于互易HRTF测量的设置，并将获得的HRTF与硬球的解析解以及通过直接方法获得的KEMAR人体模型HRTF进行了比较。互易测量的球体HRTF与解析解吻合良好。互易测量和直接测量的KEMAR HRTF并不完全相同，但在频谱形状和特征位置上吻合良好。为了评估观察到的差异是否显著，基于J. C. Middlebrooks的工作[《美国声学学会杂志》92, 2607 - 2624 (1992)]建立了一个听觉定位模型，用于预测如果使用直接测量的HRTF进行定位，用互易测量的HRTF合成的虚拟声源将被定位的位置。结果发现，预测的定位方向通常与测量方向接近，这表明通过两种方法获得的HRTF吻合良好。
