Diaz-Asper Catherine, Malley James, Genderson Margo, Apud Jose, Elvevåg Brita
Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Psychiatry Res. 2008 Jun 30;159(3):259-70. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2007.02.018. Epub 2008 Apr 28.
Impairments in source monitoring have been widely reported in schizophrenia, with patients typically misattributing self-generated items to external sources. Some studies have reported that patients with more severe positive symptoms (notably hallucinations) exhibit a greater impairment on these tasks, although findings are not uniformly positive. The emotional content of the items to be remembered also may affect subsequent retrieval, with some studies suggesting a greater misattribution bias for affectively-laden material. Recently, it has been proposed that schizophrenic patients have a fundamental deficit in binding different contextual elements together in memory. The effect of clinical symptomatology and item content on source monitoring and context binding has yet to be examined in a single study. Twenty-one patients with schizophrenia and 21 healthy control subjects completed a task wherein memory for affective and neutral word pairs was assessed in conjunction with memory for both source and temporal information. Schizophrenic patients performed more poorly than controls overall, and tended to exhibit a more fractionated retrieval of word pairs across all levels of affective valence. Current intellectual level and overall verbal memory performance were significantly correlated with context binding performance for positive and neutral word pairs. Clinical symptomatology was unrelated to source monitoring performance. The results of this pilot study provide tentative support for the notion that schizophrenia is associated with an impairment in combining contextual cues together to form a coherent memory of an event, irrespective of the affective valence of the material. Clinical symptomatology bore no significant relationship to source memory performance.
在精神分裂症中，源监测受损的情况已被广泛报道，患者通常会将自己产生的内容错误归因于外部来源。一些研究报告称，具有更严重阳性症状（尤其是幻觉）的患者在这些任务上表现出更大的损伤，尽管研究结果并不一致为阳性。要记忆的项目的情感内容也可能影响后续的检索，一些研究表明，对于带有情感色彩的材料，错误归因偏差更大。最近，有人提出精神分裂症患者在将不同的情境元素在记忆中结合起来方面存在根本性缺陷。临床症状学和项目内容对源监测和情境结合的影响尚未在一项研究中进行考察。21名精神分裂症患者和21名健康对照者完成了一项任务，其中评估了对情感和中性词对的记忆，并结合了对来源和时间信息的记忆。总体而言，精神分裂症患者的表现比对照组差，并且在所有情感效价水平上，他们倾向于对词对表现出更分散的检索。当前的智力水平和总体言语记忆表现与阳性和中性词对的情境结合表现显著相关。临床症状学与源监测表现无关。这项初步研究的结果为以下观点提供了初步支持：精神分裂症与将情境线索结合在一起以形成对事件的连贯记忆的损伤有关，无论材料的情感效价如何。临床症状学与源记忆表现没有显著关系。
