van Veen V, Carter C S
Imaging Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis, Sacramento 95817, USA.
Clin EEG Neurosci. 2006 Oct;37(4):330-5. doi: 10.1177/155005940603700411.
Errors during speeded response tasks are typically immediately followed by a large component in the event-related potential, the error-related negativity; various lines of research have suggested that this component is primarily generated by the anterior cingulate cortex. This error-related activity has generated a high level of interest and investigation by cognitive neuroscientists because of the importance of online action monitoring for theories of cognitive regulation. A subsequent component, the error positivity, has remained more elusive to date. In this review we will discuss some of the extensive research which has suggested that these components are related to performance monitoring, and, should performance be compromised, dynamically adjusting control processes. Furthermore, evidence from patients with mental illnesses, including schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder, suggests that such illnesses might be understood as resulting in part from disturbances in this action monitoring function.
在快速反应任务中出现错误后，通常会立即在事件相关电位中出现一个较大的成分，即错误相关负波；多项研究表明，这一成分主要由前扣带回皮层产生。由于在线动作监测对认知调节理论的重要性，这种与错误相关的活动引起了认知神经科学家的高度关注和研究。而随后的一个成分，即错误正波，迄今为止仍较难捉摸。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论一些广泛的研究，这些研究表明这些成分与绩效监测有关，并且在绩效受到损害时，会动态调整控制过程。此外，来自患有精神疾病（包括精神分裂症和强迫症）患者的证据表明，此类疾病可能部分源于这种动作监测功能的紊乱。
