Hubain Philippe, Le Bon Olivier, Vandenhende François, Van Wijnendaele Rodolphe, Linkowski Paul
Department of Psychiatry, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Psychiatry Res. 2006 Dec 7;145(2-3):169-77. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2005.08.027. Epub 2006 Oct 30.
Sleep abnormalities have been repeatedly demonstrated in major depression. However, the respective influences of age, severity, adaptation and gender have never been clearly disentangled. In a retrospective study, full polysomnograms of 67 male depressive patients and 67 carefully age-matched male healthy control subjects were analyzed. The usual differences associated with the sleep of depressed patients were observed. However, in contrast to most reports, REMS was also found to be reduced; although no comparisons between sexes can be made in this all-male study, one interpretation of this finding is that reduction of REMS is a marker of male depression. Age was found to influence most sleep variables, but not the order of their association with depression. Depression severity was found to be associated with Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO), REMS, and Non-REMS (NREMS). No residual adaptation effect was observed. One of the main markers of depression was in fact the absence of sleep, whether observed as long delays prior to entering sleep, or excessive intermittent awakenings. This sleep reduction affected both REMS and NREMS, in comparable percentages. This supports the hypothesis of a hyperarousal possibly linked to stress.
睡眠异常在重度抑郁症中已得到反复证实。然而，年龄、严重程度、适应性和性别各自的影响从未被明确区分开来。在一项回顾性研究中，分析了67名男性抑郁症患者和67名年龄严格匹配的男性健康对照者的全夜多导睡眠图。观察到了与抑郁症患者睡眠相关的常见差异。然而，与大多数报告不同的是，快速眼动睡眠（REMS）也被发现减少了；尽管在这项全男性研究中无法进行性别间比较，但对这一发现的一种解释是，快速眼动睡眠减少是男性抑郁症的一个标志。发现年龄会影响大多数睡眠变量，但不影响它们与抑郁症关联的顺序。抑郁症严重程度与睡眠后觉醒时间（WASO）、快速眼动睡眠和非快速眼动睡眠（NREMS）相关。未观察到残留的适应性效应。抑郁症的主要标志之一实际上是睡眠缺失，无论是表现为入睡延迟时间长，还是过度的间歇性觉醒。这种睡眠减少对快速眼动睡眠和非快速眼动睡眠的影响比例相当。这支持了可能与压力相关的过度觉醒假说。
