Ojima M, Hanioka T, Tanaka K, Inoshita E, Aoyama H
Department of Preventive Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
J Periodontal Res. 2006 Dec;41(6):573-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00915.x.
The association between cigarette smoking and periodontitis was examined employing two nationally representative samples of adults in Japan.
Data were derived from the Survey of Dental Diseases (SDD) and the National Nutrition Survey (NNS) in 1999. In the SDD, periodontal conditions were evaluated by calibrated dentists utilizing the Community Periodontal Index (CPI), whereas in the NNS, participants were interviewed on the basis of smoking status by enumerators. Among 6805 records electronically linked via a household identification code, 4828 records of individuals aged 20 yr or older were analyzed.
The prevalence of periodontal disease varied significantly by smoking status (p < 0.0001): 39.3%, 49.5% and 47.3% (CPI > or = 3), and 7.9%, 11.7% and 12.4% (a more severe form of periodontitis, CPI = 4), for nonsmokers, former smokers and current smokers, respectively. In adults aged > or = 40 yr (n = 3493), logistic regression models revealed greater probabilities (approximately 1.4 times higher) of periodontitis [CPI > or = 3, odds ratio = 1.38 (1.12-1.71), p = 0.0024] and a more severe form of periodontitis [odds ratio = 1.40 (1.04-1.89), p = 0.0288] in current smokers compared with nonsmokers, following adjustment for possible confounding factors.
Based on the findings of this study and other numerous reports, cigarette smoking leads to deterioration of periodontal conditions in Japanese adults.
利用日本两个具有全国代表性的成年人样本，研究吸烟与牙周炎之间的关联。
数据来源于1999年的牙科疾病调查（SDD）和全国营养调查（NNS）。在SDD中，由经过校准的牙医使用社区牙周指数（CPI）评估牙周状况，而在NNS中，调查员根据吸烟状况对参与者进行访谈。通过家庭识别码进行电子链接的6805条记录中，分析了4828条20岁及以上个体的记录。
牙周疾病的患病率因吸烟状况而异（p < 0.0001）：不吸烟者、曾经吸烟者和当前吸烟者中，牙周疾病患病率（CPI≥3）分别为39.3%、49.5%和47.3%，更严重形式的牙周炎（CPI = 4）患病率分别为7.9%、11.7%和12.4%。在40岁及以上的成年人（n = 3493）中，逻辑回归模型显示，在对可能的混杂因素进行调整后，当前吸烟者患牙周炎[CPI≥3，优势比 = 1.38（1.12 - 1.71），p = 0.0024]和更严重形式牙周炎[优势比 = 1.40（1.04 - 1.89），p = 0.0288]的概率更高（大约高出1.4倍），与不吸烟者相比。
基于本研究及其他众多报告的结果，吸烟会导致日本成年人牙周状况恶化。
