Benney Kristen Stoll, Henkel Linda A
University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
Memory. 2006 Nov;14(8):1001-11. doi: 10.1080/09658210601046163.
After choosing between different options, people tend to remember the features of the options in ways that favour the chosen alternative. The present experiment examined how limitations on freedom to choose between options affected this memory bias. Participants were given a series of two-option choices and were either allowed free choice between options or were assigned to an option. Participants assigned to an option were led to believe that either the selection was random or was made in their best interest based on their personality profile. Results indicated that the choice and best interest conditions demonstrated memory attributions that favoured their received options, whereas the assignment condition did not. These findings support the view that memory biases towards received options are not unique to free choice situations, but may stem from expectations and implicit theories about how and why the choice was made.
在对不同选项进行选择之后，人们倾向于以有利于所选选项的方式记住这些选项的特征。本实验研究了选项之间选择自由的限制如何影响这种记忆偏差。参与者被给予一系列二选一的选择，他们要么被允许在选项之间自由选择，要么被分配到一个选项。被分配到一个选项的参与者被引导相信，要么选择是随机的，要么是根据他们的性格特征做出的最符合他们自身利益的选择。结果表明，选择和最符合自身利益的条件表现出有利于他们所接受选项的记忆归因，而分配条件则不然。这些发现支持了这样一种观点，即对所接受选项的记忆偏差并非自由选择情境所特有，而是可能源于对选择方式和原因的期望及隐含理论。
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