School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, UK.
Memory. 2011 Jul;19(5):449-61. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2011.584388.
Objects encoded in the context of temporary ownership by self enjoy a memorial advantage over objects owned by other people. This memory effect has been linked to self-referential encoding processes. The current inquiry explored the extent to which the effects of ownership are influenced by the degree of personal choice involved in assigning ownership. In three experiments pairs of participants chose objects to keep for ownership by self, and rejected objects that were given to the other participant to own. Recognition memory for the objects was then assessed. Experiment 1 showed that participants recognised more items encoded as "self-owned" than "other-owned", but only when they had been chosen by self. Experiment 2 replicated this pattern when participants' sense of choice was illusory. A source memory test in Experiment 3 showed that self-chosen items were most likely to be correctly attributed to ownership by self. These findings are discussed with reference to the link between owned objects and the self, and the routes through which self-referential operations can impact on cognition.
在自我拥有权的背景下编码的物体比其他人拥有的物体具有记忆优势。这种记忆效应与自我参照编码过程有关。本研究探讨了所有权的影响程度受到在赋予所有权时所涉及的个人选择程度的影响。在三项实验中，参与者成对选择物品作为自我拥有权的对象，并拒绝给予其他参与者拥有的物品。然后评估对这些物品的识别记忆。实验 1 表明，参与者对被编码为“自我拥有”的物品的识别率高于“他人拥有”的物品，但前提是这些物品是由自我选择的。当参与者的选择感是虚幻的时候，实验 2 复制了这种模式。实验 3 中的来源记忆测试表明，自我选择的物品最有可能被正确归因于自我拥有权。这些发现与拥有的物体与自我之间的联系以及自我参照操作影响认知的途径有关。
