Rayburn William F, Schrader Ronald M, Cain Joanna M, Artal Raul, Anderson Garland D, Merkatz Irwin R
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Nov;108(5):1217-21. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000240140.27246.93.
To assist in predicting future leadership needs, this longitudinal study examines turnover and net retention rates among chairs at university obstetrics and gynecology departments between 1981 and 2005.
A database of appointment dates and tenure of chairs at each of 125 Association of American Medical Colleges-approved United States medical schools was collated using membership listings from the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics and from the Council of University Chairs in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Complete data from 118 departments were confirmed by selective correspondence at individual departments and further review by the investigators.
A total of 260 individuals (232 men, 28 women) became new chairs between 1981 and 2005. The annual turnover rate increased gradually from 6.0% to 12.7%. Five-year net retention rates remained steady between 1982 and 1997 but dropped after 1997 (85.6% compared with 63.2%; P=.03). A chair's tenure ranged widely (1 to 23 years; median 8 years), regardless of gender or school type, size, or location. Approximately one half of interim chairs became permanent chairs, usually at their own institution. The number of new women chairs increased from none in 1981 to 17 (15.2% of total chairs) in 2005.
Academic chair positions in obstetrics and gynecology experienced a doubling in annual turnover rates, while retention rates declined. The proportion of chairs occupied by women increased progressively.
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为帮助预测未来的领导需求，本纵向研究调查了1981年至2005年间美国大学妇产科系主任的更替率和净留任率。
利用妇产科教授协会和大学妇产科系主任委员会的成员名单，整理了125所美国医学院校（均获美国医学院协会批准）各系主任的任命日期和任期数据库。通过与各系的选择性通信以及研究者的进一步审查，确认了118个系的完整数据。
1981年至2005年间，共有260人（232名男性，28名女性）成为新主任。年更替率从6.0%逐渐上升至12.7%。1982年至1997年间，五年净留任率保持稳定，但1997年后有所下降（85.6%对比63.2%；P = 0.03）。无论性别、学校类型、规模或地理位置如何，系主任的任期差异很大（1至23年；中位数8年）。大约一半的临时系主任成为了永久系主任，通常是在他们自己所在的机构。新上任的女性系主任数量从1981年的零增加到2005年的17名（占系主任总数的15.2%）。
妇产科的学术系主任职位年更替率翻了一番，而留任率下降。女性系主任所占比例逐渐增加。
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