Wong Cynthia A, Stock Marie Christine
Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Anesth Analg. 2008 Jul;107(1):178-84. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e318172fb5f.
The number of women in medicine has increased steadily in the last half century. In this study, we reassessed the status of women in academic anesthesiology departments in the United States in 2006.
Medical student, resident, and faculty rank gender data were obtained from the Association of American Medical Colleges. Data regarding the make-up and gender of anesthesia subspecialty society leadership, the editorial boards of Anesthesia & Analgesia and Anesthesiology, the awardees of anesthesia research grants, American Board of Anesthesiology examiners, and department chairs were obtained from websites, organization management personnel, and the Wood Library-Museum of Anesthesiology. Anesthesiology data were compared with composite data from medical school departments in other clinical specialties and to data from previous years, beginning in 1985.
The percentage of medical school graduates, anesthesiology residents, and anesthesiology faculty members who are women has increased since 1985; however, the rate of increase in the percentage of women is significantly faster for medical school graduates compared with anesthesiology residents (P < 0.001) and faculty (P < 0.05). The percentage of women anesthesiology faculty members who were full professors in 2006 was 6.5% compared with 17.7% of men faculty (P < 0.001) and is not significantly different than in 1986 (P = 0.27). Fourteen percent of full anesthesiology professors were women and this does not differ from all clinical specialties combined (15%). Women comprised 12.7% of academic anesthesiology chairs and 10% of all medical school department chairs in 2006, significantly higher compared with 1993 (P < 0.05). Currently, 8% and 11% of editors and associate editors of Anesthesiology and Anesthesia & Analgesia are women, respectively. Eighteen percent of American Board of Anesthesiology oral board examiners in 2007 were women compared with 8% in 1985 (P < 0.05). The percentage of time in which women have served as anesthesiology society leaders was significantly greater during 1997-2006 compared with 1987-1996 (P < 0.001). The proportion of competitive research grants awarded to women has not changed over several decades.
The status of women in academic anesthesiology in the first decade of the millennium has, by some measures, advanced compared with 20 yr ago. However, by other measures, there has been no change. The task ahead is to identify factors that discourage qualified women medical students, residents, and junior faculty members from pursuing careers in academic anesthesiology and advancing in academic rank.
在过去的半个世纪里，从事医学工作的女性人数稳步增加。在本研究中，我们重新评估了2006年美国学术麻醉学系中女性的地位。
从美国医学院协会获取医学生、住院医师和教员职级的性别数据。关于麻醉亚专业协会领导层的组成和性别、《麻醉与镇痛》及《麻醉学》的编辑委员会、麻醉研究资助获得者、美国麻醉学委员会考官以及系主任的数据，是从网站、组织管理人员和麻醉学伍德图书馆博物馆获取的。将麻醉学数据与其他临床专业医学院系的综合数据以及1985年以来前几年的数据进行比较。
自1985年以来，医学院毕业生、麻醉学住院医师和麻醉学教员中女性的比例有所增加；然而，与麻醉学住院医师（P < 0.001）和教员（P < 0.05）相比，医学院毕业生中女性比例的增长速度明显更快。2006年担任正教授的女性麻醉学教员比例为6.5%，而男性教员为17.7%（P < 0.001），与1986年相比无显著差异（P = 0.27）。全职麻醉学教授中有14%为女性，这与所有临床专业的总和（15%）没有差异。2006年，女性占学术麻醉学系主任的12.7%，占所有医学院系主任的10%，与1993年相比显著更高（P < 0.05）。目前，《麻醉学》和《麻醉与镇痛》的编辑和副编辑中分别有8%和11%为女性。2007年美国麻醉学委员会口试考官中有18%为女性，而1985年为8%（P < 0.05）。1997 - 2006年期间女性担任麻醉学协会领导的时间比例与1987 - 1996年相比显著更高（P < 0.001）。几十年来授予女性的竞争性研究资助比例没有变化。
与20年前相比，在某些衡量标准下，千禧年第一个十年学术麻醉学领域中女性的地位有所进步。然而，在其他衡量标准下，没有变化。未来的任务是找出阻碍合格的女性医学生、住院医师和初级教员从事学术麻醉学职业并提升学术职级的因素。
