Cohen-Kettenis Peggy T, Wallien Madeleine, Johnson Laurel L, Owen-Anderson Allison F H, Bradley Susan J, Zucker Kenneth J
Gender Clinic for Children, Adolescents and Adults, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006 Jul;11(3):397-405. doi: 10.1177/1359104506059135.
A one-factor, 14-item parent-report Gender Identity Questionnaire for Children (GIQC) was developed in a sample of 325 clinic-referred children with gender identity problems and 504 controls from Toronto, Canada (Johnson et al., 2004). In this study, we report a cross-national, cross-clinic comparative analysis of the GIQC on gender-referred children (N = 338) from Toronto and gender-referred children (N = 175) from Utrecht, The Netherlands. Across clinics, the results showed both similarities and differences. Gender-referred boys from Utrecht had a significantly higher total score (indicating more cross-gender behavior) than did gender-referred boys from Toronto, but there was no significant difference for girls. In the Toronto sample, the gender-referred girls had a significantly higher total score than the gender-referred boys, but there was no significant sex difference in the Utrecht sample. Across both clinics, gender-referred children who met the complete DSM criteria for gender identity disorder (GID) had a significantly higher cross-gender score than the gender-referred children who were subthreshold for GID (Cohen's d = 1.11). The results of this study provide the first empirical evidence of relative similarity in cross-gender behavior in a sample of gender-referred children from western Europe when compared to North American children. The results also provide some support for cross-clinic consistency in clinician-based diagnosis of GID.
一个包含14个条目的单因素儿童性别认同问卷（GIQC）是在325名因性别认同问题前来就诊的儿童以及来自加拿大多伦多的504名对照儿童的样本中开发出来的（约翰逊等人，2004年）。在本研究中，我们报告了对来自多伦多的338名有性别问题的儿童以及来自荷兰乌得勒支的175名有性别问题的儿童进行的GIQC跨国、跨诊所比较分析。在各个诊所中，结果显示既有相似之处也有不同之处。来自乌得勒支的有性别问题的男孩的总分显著高于来自多伦多的有性别问题的男孩（表明有更多的跨性别行为），但女孩之间没有显著差异。在多伦多的样本中，有性别问题的女孩的总分显著高于有性别问题的男孩，但在乌得勒支的样本中没有显著的性别差异。在两个诊所中，符合性别认同障碍（GID）完整DSM标准的有性别问题的儿童的跨性别得分显著高于未达到GID阈值的有性别问题的儿童（科恩d值 = 1.11）。本研究结果提供了首个实证证据，表明与北美儿童相比，西欧有性别问题儿童样本中的跨性别行为具有相对相似性。这些结果也为基于临床医生诊断的GID跨诊所一致性提供了一些支持。
