Zucker K J, Bradley S J, Sanikhani M
Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1997 Jun;25(3):217-27. doi: 10.1023/a:1025748032640.
From 1978 through 1995, a sex ratio of 6.6:1 of boys to girls (N = 275) was observed for children referred to a specificity clinic for gender identity disorder. This article attempts to evaluate several hypotheses regarding the marked sex disparity in referral rates. The sexes did not differ on four demographic variables (age at referral, IQ, and parent's social class and marital status) and on five indices of general behavior problems on the Child Behavior Checklist; in addition, there was only equivocal evidence that boys with gender identity disorder had significantly poorer peer relations than girls with gender identity disorder. Although the percentage of boys and girls who met the complete DSM-III-R criteria for gender identity disorder was comparable, other measures of sex-typed behavior showed that the girls had more extreme cross-gender behavior than the boys. Coupled with external evidence that cross-gender behavior is less tolerated in boys than in girls by both peers and adults, it is concluded that social factors partly account for the sex difference in referral rates. Girls appear to require a higher threshold than boys for cross-gender behavior before they are referred for clinical assessment.
从1978年到1995年，被转介到一家性别认同障碍专科诊所的儿童中，男孩与女孩的性别比为6.6:1（N = 275）。本文试图评估关于转诊率中显著性别差异的几种假设。在四个人口统计学变量（转诊时的年龄、智商、父母的社会阶层和婚姻状况）以及儿童行为清单上的五个一般行为问题指标方面，两性没有差异；此外，仅有不明确的证据表明患有性别认同障碍的男孩比患有性别认同障碍的女孩的同伴关系显著更差。尽管符合完整的DSM-III-R性别认同障碍标准的男孩和女孩的百分比相当，但其他性别类型行为的测量表明，女孩比男孩有更极端的跨性别行为。再加上外部证据表明，同伴和成年人对男孩跨性别行为的容忍度低于女孩，得出的结论是，社会因素部分解释了转诊率中的性别差异。在被转介进行临床评估之前，女孩似乎比男孩需要更高的跨性别行为阈值。
