Abdullah A M
Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ann Trop Paediatr. 1990;10(4):401-5. doi: 10.1080/02724936.1990.11747465.
In a retrospective survey, case notes of all children with acute gastro-enteritis (AGE) admitted to our hospital between 1984 and 1988 were reviewed. The total number of cases was 300. The mean age was 14 months (range 1-60 mths): 67% of cases were boys and 33% girls. Eleven per cent were exclusively breastfed. The clinical presentation was diarrhoea and vomiting in 81%, diarrhoea alone in 15%, and vomiting primarily in 4%. All children had good nutritional status, i.e. both their height and weight were between the 5th and 90th percentile for their age and none showed signs of marasmus or kwashiorkor. Forty-six per cent of the children had AGE without dehydration. Mild, moderate and severe dehydration was present in 41%, 10% and 3% of cases, respectively. Isotonic, hypotonic and hypernatraemic dehydration was present in 95%, 3% and 2% of cases of dehydration, respectively. Sixty-five per cent of cases were given intravenous (IV) fluids. The mean duration of IV administration was 1 day, with a range of 1-7 days. Twenty-two per cent of the children were given oral rehydration solution (ORS) initially, and 13% were given IV plus ORS. None of the children died of gastro-enteritis. It is concluded that there was excessive use of IV fluids, and that there is an urgent need to encourage the use of ORS.
在一项回顾性调查中，我们查阅了1984年至1988年间我院收治的所有急性胃肠炎（AGE）患儿的病历。病例总数为300例。平均年龄为14个月（范围1 - 60个月）：67%的病例为男孩，33%为女孩。11%为纯母乳喂养。临床表现为腹泻伴呕吐的占81%，仅腹泻的占15%，主要为呕吐的占4%。所有患儿营养状况良好，即身高和体重均处于其年龄的第5至90百分位之间，且均无消瘦或夸希奥科病的体征。46%的患儿患急性胃肠炎但无脱水症状。轻度、中度和重度脱水分别占病例的41%、10%和3%。等渗性、低渗性和高钠血症性脱水分别占脱水病例的95%、3%和2%。65%的病例接受了静脉输液。静脉输液的平均持续时间为1天，范围为1 - 7天。22%的患儿最初接受了口服补液盐（ORS）治疗，13%的患儿接受了静脉输液加口服补液盐治疗。无一例患儿死于胃肠炎。结论是静脉输液使用过度，迫切需要鼓励使用口服补液盐。
