Macuga Kristen L, Beall Andrew C, Kelly Jonathan W, Smith Roy S, Loomis Jack M
Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA.
Exp Brain Res. 2007 Apr;178(2):141-50. doi: 10.1007/s00221-006-0718-x. Epub 2006 Nov 8.
Can driver steering behaviors, such as a lane change, be executed without visual feedback? In a recent study with a fixed-base driving simulator, drivers failed to execute the return phase of a lane change when steering without vision, resulting in systematic final heading errors biased in the direction of the lane change. Here we challenge the generality of that finding. Suppose that, when asked to perform a lane (position) change, drivers fail to recognize that a heading change is required to make a lateral position change. However, given an explicit path, the necessary heading changes become apparent. Here we demonstrate that when heading requirements are made explicit, drivers appropriately implement the return phase. More importantly, by using an electric vehicle outfitted with a portable virtual reality system, we also show that valid inertial information (i.e., vestibular and somatosensory cues) enables accurate steering behavior when vision is absent. Thus, the failure to properly execute a lane change in a driving simulator without a moving base does not present a fundamental problem for feed-forward driving behavior.
诸如变道之类的驾驶员转向行为能否在没有视觉反馈的情况下执行？在最近一项使用固定基座驾驶模拟器的研究中，驾驶员在无视觉情况下转向时未能执行变道的回返阶段，导致最终航向出现系统性误差，且偏向变道方向。在此，我们对这一发现的普遍性提出质疑。假设当被要求进行车道（位置）变更时，驾驶员未能认识到进行横向位置变更需要航向改变。然而，给定一条明确的路径，所需的航向改变就会变得明显。在此我们证明，当航向要求明确时，驾驶员会适当地执行回返阶段。更重要的是，通过使用配备便携式虚拟现实系统的电动汽车，我们还表明，在没有视觉的情况下，有效的惯性信息（即前庭和体感线索）能够实现准确的转向行为。因此，在没有移动基座的驾驶模拟器中未能正确执行变道，对于前馈驾驶行为而言并非根本性问题。
