Steffen Kari T, Schubert Sven, Tuomela Marja, Hatakka Annele, Hofrichter Martin
Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Biocenter 1, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
Biodegradation. 2007 Jun;18(3):359-69. doi: 10.1007/s10532-006-9070-x. Epub 2006 Nov 8.
With the focus on alternative microbes for soil-bioremediation, 18 species of litter-decomposing basidiomycetous fungi were screened for their ability to grow on different lignocellulosic substrates including straw, flax and pine bark as well as to produce ligninolytic enzymes, namely laccase and manganese peroxidase. Following characteristics have been chosen as criteria for the strain selection: (i) the ability to grow at least on one of the mentioned materials, (ii) production of either of the ligninolytic enzymes and (iii) the ability to invade non-sterile soil. As the result, eight species were selected for a bioremediation experiment with an artificially contaminated soil (total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration 250 mg/kg soil). Up to 70%, 86% and 84% of benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, respectively, were removed in presence of fungi while the indigenous microorganisms converted merely up to 29%, 26% and 43% of these compounds in 30 days. Low molecular-mass PAHs studied were easily degraded by soil microbes and only anthracene degradation was enhanced by the fungi as well. The agaric basidiomycetes Stropharia rugosoannulata and Stropharia coronilla were the most efficient PAH degraders among the litter-decomposing species used.
鉴于对用于土壤生物修复的替代微生物的关注，对18种分解凋落物的担子菌真菌进行了筛选，考察它们在包括稻草、亚麻和松树皮在内的不同木质纤维素底物上生长的能力，以及产生木质素分解酶即漆酶和锰过氧化物酶的能力。以下特性被选作菌株筛选的标准：（i）至少能在上述一种材料上生长的能力，（ii）产生任一种木质素分解酶的能力，以及（iii）侵入非无菌土壤的能力。结果，选择了8个物种用于人工污染土壤（总多环芳烃（PAH）浓度为250 mg/kg土壤）的生物修复实验。在有真菌存在的情况下，苯并(a)蒽、苯并(a)芘和二苯并(a,h)蒽分别有高达70%、86%和84%被去除，而本地微生物在30天内仅将这些化合物转化了高达29%、26%和43%。所研究的低分子量多环芳烃很容易被土壤微生物降解，真菌也仅增强了蒽的降解。在所用的分解凋落物的物种中，皱环球盖菇和冠状环盖菇这两种伞菌担子菌是最有效的多环芳烃降解菌。
