Downes Michelle R, Byrne Jennifer C, Pennington Stephen R, Dunn Michael J, Fitzpatrick John M, Watson R William G
Proteome Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, University College Dublin, Ireland.
BJU Int. 2007 Feb;99(2):263-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06610.x. Epub 2006 Dec 1.
Prostate cancer is the commonest solid-organ malignancy to affect men in Europe and the USA; it is estimated that one in six men will develop this cancer in their lifetime. Current screening relies on a digital rectal examination with a serum prostate-specific antigen test. Novel urinary diagnostic tests are potentially interesting screening tools for this disease. We examined published reports assessing the use of urinary markers for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Using a PubMed-based search we identified studies of urinary markers for prostate cancer published from 1985 to February 2006 using the search terms 'urine', 'marker' and 'prostate cancer'. Studies to date have used small cohorts and relied on prostatic biopsies to provide histology. The sensitivity and specificity of markers are wide ranging but with only a few studies published on each putative marker it is difficult to assess their potential impact. Using urinary biomarkers for prostate cancer is a relatively novel diagnostic approach; they are appealing as a screening test because they are not invasive. Further work is needed to identify and validate 'signature markers' indicative of prostatic malignancy. The newer proteomic platforms are promising biomarker discovery tools that might uncover the next generation of urinary biomarkers.
前列腺癌是欧洲和美国男性中最常见的实体器官恶性肿瘤；据估计，每六名男性中就有一人在其一生中会患上这种癌症。目前的筛查依赖于直肠指检和血清前列腺特异性抗原检测。新型尿液诊断测试可能是用于该疾病的有趣筛查工具。我们查阅了已发表的评估尿液标志物用于前列腺癌诊断的报告。通过基于PubMed的搜索，我们使用搜索词“尿液”、“标志物”和“前列腺癌”，确定了1985年至2006年2月发表的关于前列腺癌尿液标志物的研究。迄今为止的研究使用的样本量较小，并且依赖前列腺活检来提供组织学结果。标志物的敏感性和特异性差异很大，但由于每种假定的标志物仅发表了少数研究，因此难以评估它们的潜在影响。使用尿液生物标志物诊断前列腺癌相对较新；它们作为筛查测试很有吸引力，因为它们是非侵入性的。需要进一步开展工作来识别和验证指示前列腺恶性肿瘤的“标志性标志物”。更新的蛋白质组学平台是有前景的生物标志物发现工具，可能会发现下一代尿液生物标志物。
